Tullis GE et al. (1987) International C. elegans Meeting "RNA polymerase II in mutant strains of C elegans and in dauer larvae."

Tullis GE, Golomb M, Dalley BK

[International C. elegans Meeting, 1987]

aqeuous garlic extract : daf-16

"we investigated whether GE can increase nuclear DAF-16. As shown in Fig. 5A, daf-2 RNAi highly induced DAF-16 localization to nucleus. However, GE treatment did not show significant effect (Fig. 5B). To further confirm the induction of daf-16 expression, we performed Q-PCR of daf-16 and two of its target genes: sod-3 and hsp-16.1 (Fig. 5C-E) [42]. We found that GE treatment significantly up-regulates these three genes in C. elegans, confirming that the lifespan-promoting effect of GE is mediated by the DAF-16 pathway (Fig. 5C-E)."

aqeuous garlic extract : hsp-16.1 : sod-3

"we investigated whether GE can increase nuclear DAF-16. As shown in Fig. 5A, daf-2 RNAi highly induced DAF-16 localization to nucleus. However, GE treatment did not show significant effect (Fig. 5B). To further confirm the induction of daf-16 expression, we performed Q-PCR of daf-16 and two of its target genes: sod-3 and hsp-16.1 (Fig. 5C-E) [42]. We found that GE treatment significantly up-regulates these three genes in C. elegans, confirming that the lifespan-promoting effect of GE is mediated by the DAF-16 pathway (Fig. 5C-E)."

daf-16 : daf-2

"we investigated whether GE can increase nuclear DAF-16. As shown in Fig. 5A, daf-2 RNAi highly induced DAF-16 localization to nucleus. However, GE treatment did not show significant effect (Fig. 5B). To further confirm the induction of daf-16 expression, we performed Q-PCR of daf-16 and two of its target genes: sod-3 and hsp-16.1 (Fig. 5C-E) [42]. We found that GE treatment significantly up-regulates these three genes in C. elegans, confirming that the lifespan-promoting effect of GE is mediated by the DAF-16 pathway (Fig. 5C-E)."

aqeuous garlic extract : daf-16

"to investigate the effects of aqueous GE on the transcriptions of daf-16, RT-PCR was employed to study their mRNA expression level in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Aqueous GE showed dose-dependent effect on inducing daf-16 mRNA level in C. elegans (Fig. 1B). In addition, the response was found to be rapid and sustained for around 1 week (Fig. 1C)."

Xu T et al. (2022) Food Funct "Longevity-promoting properties of ginger extract in Caenorhabditis elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway."

Tao M, Pan S, Xu T, Wu T, Li R, Xu X

[Food Funct, 2022]

Ginger is a traditional medicinal and edible plant with multiple health-promoting properties. Nevertheless, the effects and potential mechanism of ginger on antiaging remain unknown. The aim of this study was to comprehend the antiaging effects and potential mechanism of ginger in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The current findings showed that the lifespan of C. elegans was prolonged by 23.16% with the supplementation of 60 μg mL-1 ginger extract (GE), and the extension of lifespan was mainly attributed to the major bioactive compounds in GE, 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol and 6-, 8-, 10-shogaol. Subsequently, GE promoted healthy aging by improving nematode movement and attenuating lipofuscin accumulation, and enhanced stress tolerance by up-regulating the expression of stress-related genes and activating DAF-16 and SKN-1. Moreover, lifespan assays of relative mutants revealed that GE mediated extension of lifespan via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. In summary, GE endowed nematodes (C. elegans) with longevity and stress resistance in an IIS pathway dependent manner.

Aranaz P et al. (2021) Nutrients "Grifola frondosa (Maitake) Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation and Improves Health Span in C. elegans through the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 Signalling Pathways."

Vettorazzi A, Fabra MJ, Aranaz P, Pena A, Castellari M, Parlade J, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Pera J, Martinez-Abad A, Milagro FI, Lopez-Rubio A

[Nutrients, 2021]

In recent years, food ingredients rich in bioactive compounds have emerged as candidates to prevent excess adiposity and other metabolic complications characteristic of obesity, such as low-grade inflammation and oxidative status. Among them, fungi have gained popularity for their high polysaccharide content and other bioactive components with beneficial activities. Here, we use the <i>C. elegans</i> model to investigate the potential activities of a <i>Grifola frondosa</i> extract (GE), together with the underlying mechanisms of action. Our study revealed that GE represents an important source of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds with in vitro antioxidant activity. Treatment with our GE extract, which was found to be nongenotoxic through a <i>SOS/umu</i> test, significantly reduced the fat content of <i>C. elegans</i>, decreased the production of intracellular ROS and aging-lipofuscin pigment, and increased the lifespan of nematodes. Gene expression and mutant analyses demonstrated that the in vivo anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of GE were mediated through the <i>daf-2/daf-16</i> and <i>skn-1/nrf-2</i> signalling pathways, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that our GE extract could be considered a potential functional ingredient for the prevention of obesity-related disturbances.

Huang CH et al. (2015) J Nutr Biochem "Analysis of lifespan-promoting effect of garlic extract by an integrated metabolo-proteomics approach."

Hsu FY, Wu YH, Liang SS, Kuo CJ, Hsu AL, Chiou SH, Huang CH, Zhong L, Tseng MY

[J Nutr Biochem, 2015]

The beneficial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) consumption in treating human diseases have been reported worldwide over a long period of human history. The strong antioxidant effect of garlic extract (GE) has also recently been claimed to prevent cancer, thrombus formation, cardiovascular disease and some age-related maladies. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, aqueous GE was herein shown to increase the expression of longevity-related FOXO transcription factor daf-16 and extend lifespan by 20%. By employing microarray and proteomics analysis on C. elegans treated with aqueous GE, we have systematically mapped 229 genes and 46 proteins with differential expression profiles, which included many metabolic enzymes and yolky egg vitellogenins. To investigate the garlic components functionally involved in longevity, an integrated metabolo-proteomics approach was employed to identify metabolites and protein components associated with treatment of aqueous GE. Among potential lifespan-promoting substances, mannose-binding lectin and N-acetylcysteine were found to increase daf-16 expression. Our study points to the fact that the lifespan-promoting effect of aqueous GE may entail the DAF-16-mediated signaling pathway. The result also highlights the utility of metabolo-proteomics for unraveling the complexity and intricacy involved in the metabolism of natural products in vivo.

daf-16 : mannose-binding lectin

"we found that MBL and NAC can significantly induce transcriptions of daf-16 about 2.5- and 1.5-folds, respectively (Fig. 5F), which may account for the main effect of aqueous GE on daf-16 induction."

Acetylcysteine : daf-16

"we found that MBL and NAC can significantly induce transcriptions of daf-16 about 2.5- and 1.5-folds, respectively (Fig. 5F), which may account for the main effect of aqueous GE on daf-16 induction."