Takacs AM et al. (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A "A 22-nucleotide spliced leader sequence in the human parasitic nematode Brugia malayi is identical to the trans-spliced leader exon in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Maroney PA, Denker JA, Nilsen TW, Takacs AM, Perrine KG

[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988]

The mRNAs encoding a 63-kDa antigen in the human parasitic nematode Brugia Malayi contain a spliced leader sequence of 22 nucleotides (nt) that is identical to the trans-spliced leader found on certain actin mRNAs in the distantly related nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The 22-nt sequence does not appear to be encoded near the 63-kDa genes but is present in multiple copies in several locations within the parasite genome, including the 5S rRNA gene repeat. The 5S-linked copies of the 22-nt sequence are transcribed to yield a 109-nt nonpolyadenylated RNA with the 22-nt leader sequence at its 5' end. We suggest that the 22-nt leader is acquired by 63-kDa antigen mRNAs through trans-splicing. These results indicate that trans-splicing is widespread in nematodes and argue for the functional significance of the 22-nt spliced leader exon in nematode mRNA metabolism.

adrenomedullin binding

Binding to adrenomedullin (AM).

SX392

Caenorhabditis elegans

Saenz-Narciso, Beatriz et al. (2011) International Worm Meeting "Characterizing the adrenomedullin homologue in C. elegans."

Martinez, Alfredo, Cabello, Juan, Gomez-Orte, Eva, Saenz-Narciso, Beatriz

[International Worm Meeting, 2011]

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone that shows multiple physiological functions in vertebrates, such as bronchodilation, neurotransmission, hormone regulation, antimicrobial activity or growth regulation. Deregulation of AM has been shown in different human pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension, heart failure, and sepsis. Research on molecules capable of modulating AM and its effects may lead to the discovery of new pharmacological agents to treat these important human diseases. Highly interesting is the role of AM in cancer. It has been proven that AM acts as an autocrine/paracrine tumor cell survival factor and its elevated expression in cancer cells can promote angiogenesis leading to tumor progression. While AM has been well characterized in other research models, little is known about this molecule in C. elegans. We have found and characterized a mutant in the AM homologue of C.elegans, here called wam-1. 4D microscopy analysis of wam-1 mutants shows defects in the migration of the hermaphrodite gonad. There are also several defects in embryonic development. Some embryos have cells that are excluded out of the worm during development while fate specification, as well as proliferation is normal. This suggests a function of wam-1 in cell adhesion. To localize the expression of the worm AM homologue protein, we performed inmunostaining using mouse anti-AM antibodies. The AM protein was localized in the hypodermis. In contrast, we also generated transgenic lines expressing GFP under the control of the wam-1 promoter. GFP expression was detected in the mouth of the worm, although due to its homology with secreted hormones, the protein could play a role far away from the secretory cells. At the moment, we are performing a detailed molecular and genetic characterization, in order to understand the function of this molecule.

Cristina Nieto et al. (2008) European Worm Meeting "Analysis of the adrenomedullin homologue in C.elegans."

Cristina Nieto, Alfredo Martinez, Sergio Moreno, Juan Cabello

[European Worm Meeting, 2008]

In vertebrates, adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone that shows. multiple physiological functions, such as bronchodilation,. neurotransmission, hormone regulation, antimicrobial activity or growth. regulation. Deregulation of AM has been shown in different human. pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension, heart failure, and. sepsis.. Research on molecules capable of modulating AM and its effects may lead to. the discovery of new pharmacological agents to treat these important human. diseases. Thus, the injection of a monoclonal antibody against AM produces. an antidiabetic effect, by reducting the glycemic level in diabetic. experimental animals, since AM has been shown to reduce insulin secretion.. Highly interesting is the role of AM in cancer. It has been proven that AM. acts as an autocrine/paracrine tumor cell survival factor and its elevated. expression in cancer cells can promote angiogenesis leading to tumor. progression.. While AM has been well characterized in other research models, little is. known about this molecule in C. elegans. We have found and characterized a. mutant in the AM homologue of C.elegans, here called wam-1. 4D microscopy. analysis of wam-1 mutants shows defects in the migration of the. hermaphrodite gonad. There are also several defects in embryonic. development. Some embryos have cells that are excluded out of the worm. during development while fate specification, as well as proliferation are. normal. This suggests a function of wam-1 in cell adhesion.. To localize the expression of the worm AM homologue protein, we generated. transgenic lines expressing GFP under the control of the wam-1 promoter.. GFP expression is detected in the mouth of the worm although due to its. homology with secreted hormones, the protein could play a role far away. from the secretory cells.. At present, we are performing a detailed molecular and genetic. characterization, in order to understand the function of this molecule.

CB4457

Caenorhabditis elegans

mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m(7)G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m(7)G(5')pppm(6)Am.

Picture from Negishi, Takefumi et al. (2019) MicroPubl Biol

(A) Chemical structural formula of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and acetoxymethyl indole-3-acetic acid (IAA-AM). (B) Frames from time lapse videos of ieSi58 [Peft-3::degron (AID*)::GFP]; ieSi57 [Peft-3::AtTIR1::mRuby] laid embryos in IAA (1 mM) or IAA-AM (1 mM); elapsed time (hours:minutes) from the beginning of recording is indicated. GFP panels show maximum intensity projection images, and green fluorescent signal is colored with "Fire" look-up-table. Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Plots of green fluorescent (GF) intensity in timelapse observation. Red lines: IAA-AM treatment of ieSi58 ieSi57 embryos, green lines: IAA-AM treatment of ieSi58 embryos (no TIR1 present), blue lines: IAA treatment of ieSi58 ieSi57 embryos. Mean values of GF intensity in eggshells were obtained every three minutes, and normalized by the intensity at 0 min. (D) Comparison of GF depletion between IAA and IAA-AM treatment of ieSi58; ieSi57 embryos. Mean values of GF intensity within eggshells were obtained after each treatment (two hours), and normalized with that of the beginning, *** indicates p < 0.01, p= 1.6 x 10-8 (Wilcoxon rank sum test). (E) Representative images of os169 ieSi57 adults, which are IAA or IAA-AM treated during embryos development (two hours).

CB4760

Caenorhabditis elegans

KWN26

Caenorhabditis elegans