aliphatic nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.

Xianglan C et al. (2008) BMB Rep "Novel calcineurin interacting protein-2: the functional characterization of CNP-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Singaravelu G, Ko KM, Ahnn J, Xianglan C

[BMB Rep, 2008]

Calcineurin (Cn) is a serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in a wide variety of biological responses. To identify proteins that mediate Cn signaling pathway effects, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to screen for Cn interacting proteins, discovering a protein encoded by the gene, cnp-2 (Y46G5A.10). Utilizing serially deleted forms of Cn as baits, we demonstrated that the catalytic domain of Cn (TAX-6) binds with CNP-2, and this physical interaction was able to be reconstituted in vitro, supporting our yeast two-hybrid results. cnp-2 is a nematode-specific novel gene found in C. elegans as well as its closest relative, C. briggsae. CNP-2 was strongly expressed in the intestine of C. elegans. To study the function of cnp-2, we performed cnp-2 RNAi knock-down and characterized phenotypes associated with Cn mutants. However, no gross defects were revealed in these RNAi experiments. CNP-2 was proven to be a Cn binding protein; however, its role remains to be elucidated. [BMB reports 2008; 41(6): 455-460].

hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.

cholesterol starvation : sod-3

Expression level of sod-3 mRNA decreased (0.5-fold) in cholesterol starvation (CS) as compared to those of worms grown in cholesterol normal feeding (CN).

cholesterol starvation : hsp-16.1

High-levels of hsp-16.1 mRNAs were induced (3.8-fold) in cholesterol starvation (CS) as compared to those of worms grown in cholesterol normal feeding (CN).

cholesterol starvation : hsp-16.2

High-levels of hsp-16.2 mRNAs were induced (11.4-fold) in cholesterol starvation (CS) as compared to those of worms grown in cholesterol normal feeding (CN).

cholesterol starvation : daf-9

The mRNA level of daf-9, encoding a cytochrome P450 that likely converts cholesterol to a hormonal signal for DAF-12, also increased 1.6-fold in cholesterol starvation(CS) compared to cholesterol normal feeding(CN).

Li Y et al. (2020) Front Cell Dev Biol "p.His16Arg of STXBP1 (MUNC18-1) Associated With Syntaxin 3B Causes Autosomal Dominant Congenital Nystagmus."

Wang L, Zhang L, Ma C, Liu M, Liu JY, Jiang L, Li Y, Wang C, Liu C, Zhang X, Gao S, Guo A

[Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020]

Congenital nystagmus (CN) is an ocular movement disorder manifested as involuntary conjugated binocular oscillation and usually occurs in early infancy. The pathological mechanism underlying CN is still poorly understood. We mapped a novel genetic locus 9q33.1-q34.2 in a larger Chinese family with autosomal dominant CN and identified a variant (c.47A&gt;G/p.His16Arg) of <i>STXBP1</i> by exome sequencing, which fully co-segregated with the nystagmus phenotype in this family and was absent in 571 healthy unrelated individuals. The <i>STXBP1</i> encodes syntaxin binding protein 1 (also known as MUNC18-1), which plays a pivotal role in neurotransmitter release. In <i>unc-18</i> (nematode homolog of <i>MUNC18-1</i>) null <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, we found that the p.His16Arg exhibits a compromised ability to rescue the locomotion defect and aldicarb sensitivity, indicating a functional defect in neurotransmitter release. In addition, we also found an enhanced binding of the p.His16Arg mutant to syntaxin 3B, which is a homolog of syntaxin 1A and specifically located in retinal ribbon synapses. We hypothesize that the variant p.His16Arg of STXBP1 is likely to affect neurotransmitter release in the retina, which may be the underlying etiology of CN in this family. Our results provide a new perspective on understanding the molecular mechanism of CN.

cholesterol starvation : daf-12

The mRNA level of daf-12, which encodes a predicted nuclear hormone receptor and its unliganded form was shown to induce DAF-16 translocation, increased 1.9-fold in cholesterol starvation (CS) compared to cholesterol normal feeding (CN).

bromoxynil metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants.