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Comments on Bill Walthall et al. (2007) International Worm Meeting "Inhibitory motoneurons are critical for backward but not forward locomotion." (0)
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Bill Walthall, Jennifer Gibbs, Eric Stewart, Keyur Vora, & Gennady Cymbalyuk (2007). Inhibitory motoneurons are critical for backward but not forward locomotion presented in International Worm Meeting. Unpublished information; cite only with author permission.
Locomotion in C. elegans is an innate behavior therefore it is possible to examine the relationship between gene and cellular networks using experimental approaches ranging from forward and reverse genetics, to laser microsurgery and pharmacology. Locomotion is characterized by undulating body waves that propagate from the head to the tail during forward movement and from the tail to the head during backward movement. We have expressed green fluorescent protein (gfp) in cells that are located approximately equidistantly along the body axis in segmental fashion. Specifically, we used integrated Psur-5::nls::gfp strains that expressed in the polyploid nuclei of the gut epithelial cells (provided by Hiroshi Qadota and Guy Benian, and strains with an integrated marker for Pflp-11::gfp that expressed in the VD, DD and DA motoneurons (provided by C. Li). Using the fluorescent cells as markers for kinematic analysis of forward and backward locomotion different measures of body shape were made based on the Gauss curvature, velocity of wave propagation, velocity of animal movement and parameters of the animals trajectory. We measured curvature as drawn through the markers in 300 msec intervals as the animal moved. The sign of the curvature specified the direction of the bending, namely whether the bending is ventral or dorsal. We used the average curvature over all fluorescent cells as an index of overall bending. For example, if the entire curvature is of the same sign, then the animal is bent in one particular direction, e.g. dorsal. Averaging this index over time gives an indication of whether the animal has a tendency to move symmetrically or asymmetrically. This study focused on measures that examined asymmetries in body shape during locomotion. In addition to the previously used measure of the dorsal/ventral asymmetry, to quantify inability of uncoordinated (unc) mutants to move backward, we introduced additional measures based on the Gauss curvature. We will report the results of an analysis of forward and backward locomotion in mutants unc-4, unc-24, unc-30, and unc-55. Each mutation is known to alter the neural circuits in specific ways. The analysis shows that forward locomotion is more resilient to genetic perturbation than backward locomotion. Supported by Brains and Behavior program from GSU.