Kinesin-2 motors mediate anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) of IFT particles from the ciliary base to its tip, where particles are remodelled before retrograde transport by dynein 2 motors. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and IFT-A proteins are now implicated in regulation of IFT assembly at the ciliary base and tip.
The secondary metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST) and indole, from the culture filtrate of Photorhabdus luminescens MD, were shown to have nematicidal properties. ST caused nearly 100% mortality of 54 and adults of Aphelenchoides rhytium, Bursaphelenchus spp. and Caenorhabditis elegans at 100 mu g/ml, but had no effect on J2 of Meloidogyne incognita or infective juveniles (IJ) of Heterorhabditis megidis at 200 mu g/ml. Indole was lethal to several nematode species at 300 mu g/ml, and caused a high percentage of Bursaphelenchus spp. (54 and adults), M, incognita (J2) and Heterorhabditis spp. (IJ) to be paralysed at 300, 100 and 400 mu g/ml, respectively. Both ST and indole inhibited egg hatch of M, incognita. ST repelled IJ of some Steinernema spp. but not IJ of Heterorhabditis spp., and indole repelled IJ of some species of both Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. ST, but not indole, was produced in nematode-infected larval Galleria mellonella. after 24 h infection.
Shoot First, Ask Questions Later M.C Hresko, P.V. Shrimankar and R.H. Waterston. Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., St. Louis, MO 63110. coutu@sequencer.wustl.edu and pvs@elegans.wustl.edu
Somatic Regulation of Germ-line Development Introduction, and Part I; Mitotic Proliferation Jim McCarter and Tim Schedl. Dept. of Genetics, Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, jim@wugenmail.wustl.edu
The C. elegans genome sequencing project: A progress report. The C. elegans Genome Consortium, Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA and Sanger Centre, Hinxton Hall, Cambridge, UK.
The C. elegans genome sequencing project: A progress report. The C. elegans Genome Consortium, Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA and Sanger Centre, Hinxton Hall, Cambridge, UK.
Characterization of the axonal guidance and outgrowth gene unc-33 W. Li, R. K. Herman and J. E. Shaw Department of Genetics and Cell biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108
Foodborne infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonellae, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST), pose a major challenge in the developed and developing world. With constant rise of drug-resistant strains, understanding the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions biology is a mandatory requirement to enable health systems to be ready to combat these illnesses. Patient data from hospitals, at least from some parts of the world, have aided in epidemiological understanding of ST-mediated disease. Most of the other aspects connected to Salmonella-host crosstalk have come from model systems that offer convenience, genetic tractability and low maintenance costs that make them extremely valuable tools. Complex model systems such as the bovine model have helped in understanding key virulence factors needed for infection. Simple systems such as fruit flies and Caenorhabditis elegans have aided in identification of novel virulence factors, host pathways and mechanistic details of interactions. Some of the path-breaking concepts of the field have come from mice model of ST colitis, which allows genetic manipulations as well as high degree of similarity to human counterpart. Together, they are invaluable for correlating in vitro findings of ST-induced disease progression in vivo. The current review is a compilation of various advances of ST-host interactions at cellular and molecular levels that has come from investigations involving model organisms.
1) him-8, him-5 and him-1 asymmetrically affect recombination (pairing?) of the X chromosome. - 2) Transformation rescue of him-8. Sherryl Broverman and Philip Meneely, FHCRC, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle WA 98104, (206) 667-4523i FAX 206 667 4737
Primary cilia are microtubule-based, hair-like sensory organelles present on the surface of most growth-arrested cells in our body. Recent research has demonstrated a crucial role for primary cilia in regulating vertebrate developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis, and defects in genes involved in primary cilia assembly or function have been associated with a panoply of disorders and diseases, including polycystic kidney disease, left-right asymmetry defects, hydrocephalus, and Bardet Biedl Syndrome. Here we provide an up-to-date review focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly of primary cilia in vertebrate cells. We present an overview of the early stages of the cilia assembly process, as well as a description of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. IFT is a highly conserved process required for assembly of almost all eukaryotic cilia and flagella, and much of our current knowledge about IFT is based on studies performed in Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis elegans. Therefore, our review of the IFT literature includes studies performed in these two model organisms. The role of several non-IFT proteins (e.g., centrosomal proteins) in the ciliary assembly process is also discussed. Developmental Dynamics, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.