Picture from Vasudevan A et al. (2024) MicroPubl Biol "Physical presence of chemical synapses is necessary for turning behavior of ...."

Figure 1. pre-SVs do not turn into the synaptic branch upon loss of connection to chemical synapses in the C. elegans PLM neuron: For all plots shown in the figure, individual data points are represented as solid circles. The summary statistics are depicted using a boxplot with whiskers. Upper whisker = minimum(maximum value in the distribution, Q3 + 1.5 * IQR) and lower whisker = maximum(minimum value in the distribution, Q1 - 1.5*IQR), where IQR is inter-quartile range.A) Schematic of the C. elegans PLM neuron, representing the laser ablation paradigm for the 'synapse cut'. The red cross marks the site at which laser ablation is performed, such that the connection between the chemical synapses and the synaptic branch is removed. Proportion of 'turning', 'pausing', and 'straight' vesicles is plotted as a percentage of total anterograde pre-SVs that reach the branch point in wild type- jsIs821 animals. N(before cut)=10 animals, n(before cut- 'turning')=103 vesicles, n(before cut-'pausing')= 90 vesicles, n(before cut-'straight')= 20 vesicles. N(after cut) =10 animals, n(after cut-'turning')=6 vesicles, n(after cut-'pausing')= 121 vesicles, n(after cut-'straight')= 15 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance, ****p<0.0001. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category.B) Schematic of PLM neuron, representing the laser ablation paradigm for the 'control cut'. The red cross marks the site at which laser ablation is performed along the distal process. This site is chosen such that its distance from the branch point is roughly equal to the length of the PLM synaptic branch (~30µm). Proportion of 'turning', 'pausing', and 'straight' vesicles is plotted as a percentage of total anterograde pre-SVs that reach the branch point in wild type- jsIs821 animals. N(before cut)=9 animals, n(before cut- 'turning')=95 vesicles, n(before cut-'pausing')=87 vesicles, n(before cut-'straight')=19 vesicles. N(after cut) =9 animals, n(after cut-'turning')=101 vesicles, n(after cut-'pausing')=95 vesicles, n(after cut-'straight')=15 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category and are not statistically significant.C) Schematic of the PLM neuron depicting the different categories of pre-SVs transported at the branch point, namely, i) anterograde pre-SVs transported from the cell body to the branch point, ii) retrograde pre-SVs transported from the synaptic branch to the branch point, and iii) retrograde pre-SVs transported from the distal process to the branch point.D) Total flux of pre-SVs reaching the branch point in the anterograde and retrograde directions over a period of 5mins in the 'synapse cut' paradigm. N(before cut)=10 animals, n(before cut- 'anterograde')=213 vesicles, n(before cut- 'retrograde from branch')=26 vesicles, n(after cut- 'anterograde')=142 vesicles, n(after cut-'retrograde from branch')=19 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance, all comparisons are non-significant. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category.E) Total flux of pre-SVs reaching the branch point in the anterograde and retrograde directions over a period of 5mins in the 'control cut' paradigm. N(before cut)=9 animals, n(before cut- 'anterograde')=201 vesicles, n(before cut- 'retrograde from distal process')=119 vesicles, n(after cut- 'anterograde')=211 vesicles, n(after cut-'retrograde from branch')=72 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance, all comparisons are non-significant. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category.F) Schematic of the PLM branch point depicting the mobilization of pre-SVs from the paused vesicle cluster at the branch point into different compartments of the neuron.G) Total flux of pre-SVs mobilizing from the paused vesicle cluster at the branch point over a period of 5mins in the 'synapse cut' paradigm. N(before cut)=10 animals, n(before cut-'Into branch')=50 vesicles, n(before cut-'Into distal process')=46 vesicles, n(before cut-'Towards cell body')=24 vesicles. N(after cut) =10 animals, n(after cut-' Into branch')=45 vesicles, n(after cut-'Into distal process')=39 vesicles, n(after cut-'Towards cell body')=21 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance, all comparisons are non-significant. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category.H) Total flux of pre-SVs mobilising from the paused vesicle cluster at the branch point over a period of 5mins in the 'control cut' paradigm. N(before cut)=9 animals, n(before cut-'Into branch')=45 vesicles, n(before cut-'Into distal process')=46 vesicles, n(before cut-'Towards cell body')=20 vesicles. N(after cut) =9 animals, n(after cut-'Into branch')=42 vesicles, n(after cut-'Into distal process')=41 vesicles, n(after cut-'Towards cell body')=22 vesicles. Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction conducted to test for statistical significance, all comparisons are non-significant. All comparisons are made to the 'before cut' category.

Picture from Jedrusik MA et al. (2002) J Cell Sci "A novel linker histone-like protein is associated with cytoplasmic filaments in ...."

Fig. 7. Embryonic expression and subnuclear localization of H1.X. (A,B) show H1.X::GFP fluorescence detection in a few cells in the periphery of a >100-cell stage embryos. In (A), a fixed specimen shows a shallow fluorescence of the nucleoplasm and bright fluorescence of the nucleoli, whereas in (B), a live observation shows a shallow fluorescence in the cytoplasm and a bright fluorescence of the nucleoplasm. The brightest spots in the nucleoplasm correspond to the nucleoli. Bars, 20 μm.

Picture from Chen F et al. (2000) Science "Translocation of C. elegans CED-4 to nuclear membranes during programmed cell ...."

(A) CED-9 expression in a WT embryo of ~30 to 50 cells. (B) Mitotracker Red localization in the same embryo as in (A). (C) Merged image of (A) and (B).

Picture from van Wolfswinkel JC et al. (2009) Cell "CDE-1 affects chromosome segregation through uridylation of CSR-1-bound ...."

ISH of whole mount and extruded gonads with a probe antisense to cde-1. A sense probe was used as a control.

Picture from Zhang S et al. (2004) Curr Biol "MEC-2 is recruited to the putative mechanosensory complex in C. elegans touch ...."

(A) MEC-2 and UNC-24::GFP puncta colocalize in a PLM process.

Picture from Kritikou EA et al. (2006) Genes Dev "C. elegans GLA-3 is a novel component of the MAP kinase MPK-1 signaling pathway ...."

(A) A Northern blot of total RNA isolated from synchronized wild-type animals was probed with a gla-3 cDNA as described in Materials and Methods. Beta-Tubulin was used as a loading control.

Picture from Millonigg S et al. (2014) PLoS Genet "GLD-4-mediated translational activation regulates the size of the ...."

(A) GLD-4 expression is equal across the distal germ line. GLD-2 intensities increase from low-to-high in a distal-to-proximal manner. Extruded gonads of indicated genotype stained with DAPI, a-GLD-2, a-GLD-4, and a-GLH-2 as a positive tissue penetration control (not shown). Asterisk, distal tip; arrowhead, mitosis-to-meiosis boundary.

Picture from Xu XZS et al. (2003) Cell "A C. elegans sperm TRP protein required for sperm-egg interactions during ...."

Figure 3. The TRP-3 Protein Is Highly Enriched in Sperm. (A-H) An affinity-purified antibody against TRP-3 specifically stains sperm in wild-type hermaphrodites. Scale bar = 10 μm.(A) An immunofluorescence image of anti-TRP3 staining of a wild-type hermaphrodite.(B) The same animal in (A) stained with DAPI.(C) A superimposed image of (A) and (B).(D) A DIC image of the same animal in (A-C).(E-H) The TRP-3 antibody is specific.(E) The TRP-3 antibody does not detect a signal in trp-3(sy693) mutants.(F) A DAPI image of the same animal shown in (E).(G) A superimposed image of (E) and (F).(H) A DIC image of the same animal shown in (E-G).

Picture from Chitturi J et al. (2018) PLoS Genet "The UBR-1 ubiquitin ligase regulates glutamate metabolism to generate ...."

A) A confocal image ofanimals expressing a functional UBR-1::GFP transgene from its endogenous promoter(green), and the Pnmr-1-RFP reporter (red).

Picture from Liu H et al. (2006) Development "Direct regulation of egl-1 and of programmed cell death by the Hox protein MAB-5 ...."

CEH-20 is expressed in P11.aaap. DIC (A) and epifluorescence (B) images. (A,B) The posterior ventral nerve cord of a late L2 stage animal carrying a rescuing Pceh-20ceh-20:cfp fusion gene.