Picture from Yin X et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling regulates rhythmic contractile ...."

PLC-3::GFP expression pattern. Confocal differential interference contrast micrograph (left) and corresponding GFP fluorescence micrograph (right). GFP is expressed in proximal gonad sheath cells (arrowheads), spermatheca (Sp) and uterine sheath cells (arrow). DG, distal gonad; Int, intestine; Oo, oocyte.

Picture from Yin X et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling regulates rhythmic contractile ...."

Figure 6. Effect of dsRNA-induced disruption of plc-1 and plc-3 expression on sheath contractility. (A) Rates of basal sheath contraction in adult worms fed GFP, plc-1, or plc-3 dsRNA beginning at the L1 larval stage. Values are means ± SE (n = 7-29). *p < 0.01 compared with GFP dsRNA-fed worms. (B) Rates of basal and peak ovulatory sheath contractions in adult worms fed dsRNA for 16-24 h beginning in late-stage L4 larvae. Values are means ± SE (n = 8-13). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with GFP dsRNA-fed worms. (C) PLC-3::GFP expression pattern. Confocal differential interference contrast micrograph (left) and corresponding GFP fluorescence micrograph (right). GFP is expressed in proximal gonad sheath cells (arrowheads), spermatheca (Sp) and uterine sheath cells (arrow). DG, distal gonad; Int, intestine; Oo, oocyte.

Picture from Knight AJ et al. (2012) PLoS One "VHA-19 is essential in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes for embryogenesis and is ...."

Figure 5. Expression of GFP directed by the presumed vha-19 promoter in transgenic vha-19p::GFP C. elegans. A) High magnification of the vulva region of adult vha-19p::GFP C. elegans [WT029] showing that vha-19 is expressed in vulval hypodermis (vh) and the intestine (int) but apparently not in early embryos (emb). The image is an overlay of a bright field and fluorescence image. B) An adult vha-19p::GFP C. elegans showing that vha-19 is expressed in the pharynx (ph), hypodermis (hyp), intestine (int), vulval hypodermis (vh) and excretory cell, consisting of the excretory cell body (exc) and the long, thin parallel canals either side of the cell body (indicated by small arrow heads). C) Fluorescence image of a vha-19p::GFP larva showing that vha-19 is expressed in the hypodermis (hyp) and intestine (int) but is apparently absent from the developing gonad (dg). vha-19 is also expressed in the excretory cell body (exc) and canals (thin arrowheads) of vha-19p::GFP larvae. The orientation of the larva is such that only one excretory canal is visible. Scale bar in A represents 50 um and 100 um in B and C.

Picture from McGee MD et al. (2009) J Cell Sci "KDP-1 is a nuclear envelope KASH protein required for cell-cycle ...."

Figure 2. Antibodies against KDP-1 localize to the NE of germline nuclei. (A) Western blot of worm lysates from wild-type (N2) or transgenic (TG) worms expressing GFP::KDP-1. Blot was probed with pre-immune serum (left) or the affinity-purified KDP-1 antibody (right). Size in kDa is shown on the right. (B) Dissected adult hermaphrodite gonad stained with DAPI to show nuclei. The mitotic zone is the most distal part of the gonad (DG). Stages of meiotic prophase I are marked in orange. Individual bivalents can be seen in diakinesis oocytes at the proximal end of the gonad (PG). DTC is the region covered by the distal tip cell and PCD is the region of the gonad where most programmed cell death occurs. Image is a composite of three gonads; dashed lines correspond to intervening areas not covered by individual gonad images. Adapted from (Lints and Hall, 2005). (C) Single focal plane of fixed wild-type germline nuclei from the mitotic zone through early pachytene probed with anti-KDP-1 (row 1 and red in merge) and anti-nuclear pore complex (row 2 and green in merge) antibodies and stained with DAPI (row 3 and blue in merge). Scale bar: 10 um. Box represents zoomed region to the right.

Picture from Kosinski M et al. (2005) Development "C. elegans sperm bud vesicles to deliver a meiotic maturation signal to distant ...."

Figure 2. Evidence that spermatozoa release MSP. (A) Western blot. Males and mated females contain MSP, but unmated females do not. Minor N- and C-terminal fragments (*N and *C) result from scission of MSP during the boiling step of lysate preparation (data not shown). The male lysate was overexposed to visualize *N (center lane, 15 seconds exposure time). (B,C) Detection of MSP (red) in the proximal gonad arm of mated females (left panels in B). MSP extends beyond the distal constriction (arrowhead) of the spermatheca (sp). A sharp boundary in staining intensity is observed between the -1 and -2 oocytes (arrow). DNA (blue) is shown in the merged images (lower panels in B). No MSP staining is seen in unmated females (right panels in B). The unmated control was overexposed to visualize the outline of the gonad. The relative fluorescence intensity of the MSP signal is shown in C. (D) The distance that the MSP signal extends from spermatozoa in mated females (*P<0.001, error bars represent s.d.). (E) The relative intensity of the MSP signal (fold above background) in the proximal gonad. *<0.02, when compared to all the other measurements shown. P>0.15, when compared with the other emo-1(oz1) mated female values, but P<0.05, when compared with the unmated female controls. (F) Punctate distribution of extracellular MSP. Projections of confocal 3D data stacks from mated females prepared by gonad dissection (left panel, MSP is red) or whole-mount fixation (right panel, MSP is pink and DNA is red). Large MSP puncta (arrows) are outside spermatozoa (s) in both the spermatheca (left panel, sp) and the uterus (u). More diffuse MSP fills the spermatheca (left panel) and extracellular spaces surrounding embryos (e, right panel). No MSP is observed in the distal gonad (dg). (G) MSP puncta (arrows) in close proximity to spermatozoa (s) in the uterus, detected by wide-field microscopy. Note the extended pseudopod (ps, bottom panels) and the sperm DNA (blue). Scale bars: B,C, 10 um; F, 5 um; G, 10 um.