Picture from Chen WI et al. (1996) J Biol Chem "The Caenorhabditis elegans p21-activated kinase (CePAK) colocalizes with ...."

Analysis of in situ expression of CePAK by immunofluorescence. Embryos were prepared for immunofluorescence analysis as described. Panel A shows the dorsal view of an embryo at the beginning of body elongation; all the hypodermal cell boundaries are stained by the CePAK antibody. The arrowhead points to one circumferential boundary. Panels B-E represent the staining pattern of embryos undergoing hypodermal fusion and body elongation. Panel B is the lateral view of an embryo where the staining can be seen at both circumferential (indicated by small arrowhead) and longitudinal (indicated by big arrowhead) cell boundaries. Panel C is the lateral view of an embryo at a later stage of the elongation event (compared with that in panel B), where the staining of the circumferential boundary disappears but that of the longitudinal boundary remains clearly visible (arrowhead). Panel D is the lateral view of an embryo at the end of the elongation event. Only the longitudinal boundaries are stained (indicated by two arrowheads) as all circumferential ones have fused into each other. Panel E is the dorsal view of an embryo at the about same stage as that in panel D. The two longitudinal cell boundaries can be seen (indicated by arrowheads). Panel F is the lateral view of an embryo stained by MH 27 monoclonal antibody, which exclusively recognizes the hypodermal cell boundaries.

Picture from Gettner SN et al. (1995) J Cell Biol "Characterization of beta pat-3 heterodimers, a family of essential integrin ...."

Figure 6. Immunocytochemical analysis of whole-mount worms using anti-Bpat-3cyto. Animals are oriented with the head to the left, dorsal up. (A) bpat-3 staining in two quadrants of body wall muscles. Arrows indicate staining localized to the longitudinal cell boundaries. (B) Enlarged view of body wall muscle cells showing bpat-3 staining localized to the dense bodies (arrows)and M lines (arrowheads). (C) Lateral view, showing pat-3 staining of the ventral attachment sites (apposed to the anus) and the middle strut of the anal depressor muscle (ADM), the ventral attachment sites of the sphincter muscle (Sph), the basal surface of the intestinal muscles (IM), and the cell surface of the left postembryonically derived coelomocyte (CC). bpat-3 staining in the dorsal and ventral body wall muscle quadrants is out of the plane of focus. (D) Lateral view, left side, showing bpat-3 staining at the ventral and lateral attachment sites of the vm1 and vm2 vulval muscles (vm1and vm2), the anterior spermatheca (Sp), and the embryonically derived coelomocytes (CC). (E) Lateral view, right side, showing bpat-3 staining in the vulval muscles as described in D, and staining at the lateral ridge attachment sites of the uml uterine muscles (uml), in the anterior spermatheca and in the posterior uterus (Ut) of a young adult hermaphrodite. Intestinal and body wall muscle staining are out of focus. (F) Nomarski image of the same animal as in E. (G) Competition of anti-bpat-3cyto with 10 ug/ml of the cytoplasmic peptide. To ensure that the animals had been permeabilized, the monoclonal antibody MH27, which recognizes a desmosomal component at the apical surface of hypodermal, pharyngeal, and intestinal tract cells, was included in the sample. No bpat-3 staining was observed. The pattern of MH27 staining is shown for comparison with H; the pharynx (ph) and the intestine (int) are indicated. (H) Staining of pat-3(rh54) embryos with anti bpat-3cyto show that staining in the intestine (int) is not dependent on the expression of bpat-3. Animals were colabeled with MH27 to provide an outline of the intestine; the pattern of MH 27 staining can be seen in G. Bars, 20 um.

Picture from Chen WI et al. (1996) J Biol Chem "The Caenorhabditis elegans p21-activated kinase (CePAK) colocalizes with ...."

Figure 7. Analysis of in situ expression of CePAK, CeRac1, and CDC42Ce by immunofluorescence. Embryos were prepared for immunofluorescence analysis as described. Panel A shows the dorsal view of an embryo at the beginning of body elongation; all the hypodermal cell boundaries are stained by the CePAK antibody. The arrowhead points to one circumferential boundary. Panels B-E represent the staining pattern of embryos undergoing hypodermal fusion and body elongation. Panel B is the lateral view of an embryo where the staining can be seen at both circumferential (indicated by small arrowhead) and longitudinal (indicated by big arrowhead) cell boundaries. Panel C is the lateral view of an embryo at a later stage of the elongation event (compared with that in panel B), where the staining of the circumferential boundary disappears but that of the longitudinal boundary remains clearly visible (arrowhead). Panel D is the lateral view of an embryo at the end of the elongation event. Only the longitudinal boundaries are stained (indicated by two arrowheads) as all circumferential ones have fused into each other. Panel E is the dorsal view of an embryo at the about same stage as that in panel D. The two longitudinal cell boundaries can be seen (indicated by arrowheads). Panel F is the lateral view of an embryo stained by MH 27 monoclonal antibody, which exclusively recognizes the hypodermal cell boundaries. Panel G is the dorsal view of an embryo, which is at the late stage of the body elongation, stained with the affinity-purified anti-CeRac1 antibody (see also panel I). The two longitudinal boundaries (indicated by arrowheads) are visible, similar to the staining pattern of CePAK in panel E. Panel H is the lateral view of an embryo during the elongation event stained with the affinity-purified anti-CDC42Ce antibody (see panel I). Staining of both the circumferential (indicated by small arrowhead) and the longitudinal boundaries (indicated by big arrowhead) were observed. Panel I shows the Western blot analysis with the affinity-purified anti-CeRac1 and anti-CDC42Ce antibodies raised in this study. Conditions were identical as for the analysis of the CePAK antibody (see Fig. 4), except that the cytosolic (lane S) and particulate (lane P) fractions here are prepared from mixed stage populations of C. elegans as described (29). The sizes of the Rainbow protein markers (Amersham Corp.) are indicated on the left side of the filter.