Picture from Phillips BT et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A "Reciprocal asymmetry of SYS-1/beta-catenin and POP-1/TCF controls asymmetric ...."

SYS-1 asymmetry during embryonic and larval development. (A-E) Nomarski (Left) and fluorescent (Right) images of same embryo or animal. (A) Early embryo. Dotted lines outline nuclei. For clarity, nuclear fluorescence is shown separately in the Inset. Images were treated identically for comparison. (B) Mid-stage embryo. SYS-1 asymmetry was observed in several daughter pairs (two are indicated). Anterior is to the left. (C) L1 larva. VNS::SYS-1 was more abundant in the posterior T cell daughter (large arrowhead) than its anterior sister (small arrowhead). (D) Developing vulva. Vulval precursors and their divisions are marked. Carats show SYS-1 asymmetry, with open end toward daughter with more SYS-1. (E) VNS::SYS-1 is enriched at a position typical of centrosomes during cell division.

Picture from Phillips BT et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A "Reciprocal asymmetry of SYS-1/beta-catenin and POP-1/TCF controls asymmetric ...."

Figure 2. SYS-1 asymmetry during embryonic and larval development. (A-E) Nomarski (Left) and fluorescent (Right) images of same embryo or animal. (A) Early embryo. Dotted lines outline nuclei. For clarity, nuclear fluorescence is shown separately in the Inset. Images were treated identically for comparison. (B) Mid-stage embryo. SYS-1 asymmetry was observed in several daughter pairs (two are indicated). Anterior is to the left. (C) L1 larva. VNS::SYS-1 was more abundant in the posterior T cell daughter (large arrowhead) than its anterior sister (small arrowhead). (D) Developing vulva. Vulval precursors and their divisions are marked. Carats show SYS-1 asymmetry, with open end toward daughter with more SYS-1. (E) VNS::SYS-1 is enriched at a position typical of centrosomes during cell division. (F) SYS-1 controls formation of the gut, which is derived from the E blastomere. n, number of embryos scored. (G) Wild-type embryos showing gut autofluorescence (green). (H) skn-1 embryos. Only some embryos make gut (green). (I) skn-1; sys-1(RNAi) embryos. No embryos make gut (green).

Picture from Phillips BT et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A "Reciprocal asymmetry of SYS-1/beta-catenin and POP-1/TCF controls asymmetric ...."

Figure 1. Asymmetric expression of SYS-1/β-catenin in SGP daughters. (A) Schematic of wild-type SGP asymmetric division. The top shows gonadal primordium (large oval) with two SGPs (gray) and two germline precursors (asterisks). The anterior and posterior SGPs are called Z1 and Z4, respectively. Proximal (prox) and distal gonadal axes are indicated above primordium, and the dashed line indicates the plane of symmetry. The bottom shows that each SGP produces one distal (yellow) and one proximal (blue) daughter. The distal daughter makes a distal tip cell (DTC) and hence a gonadal arm; the proximal daughter has anchor cell (ac) potential. (B) Schematic of Sys SGP symmetrical division. Conventions are as in A. (C) Psys-1::VNS::SYS-1 reporter transgene. Boxes, exons; lines, noncoding regions. VENUS, yellow fluorescent protein; ARM, armadillo repeats (6). VNS::SYS-1 was integrated into the genome at two distinct sites (qIs94 and qIs95). (D) VNS::SYS-1 in SGP within 1 h of its division. Nomarski (Upper) and fluorescent (Lower) images of same L1 larva. Dashed line, outline of gonadal primordium; Z1 and Z4, SGPs; asterisks, germ cells; arrowheads, positions of VNS::SYS-1 granules. (E) VNS::SYS-1 in SGP daughters. Conventions as in D. VNS::SYS-1 is present in the distal daughter (Z1.a) but not the proximal daughter (Z1.p). (F) Relative intensities of VNS::SYS-1 in SGP daughter pairs ranged from 5-fold to infinity. x axis, relative intensity of VNS::SYS-1 in distal daughter compared with proximal daughter; numbers refer to fold difference. y axis, number of SGP pairs.

Picture from Burmeister C et al. (2008) FASEB J "Oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans: protective effects of the Omega ...."

Figure 4. Analysis of the expression pattern of GSTO-1 in C. elegans. A) Typical expression of GSTO-1::GFP reporter constructs. Weak GFP signals were detected exclusively in the intestinal cells of L1-L4 and adult hermaphrodites. B) Effect of deletion constructs and mutations on GFP expression in gut cells. Worms were microinjected with the constructs GFP-1321, GFP-397, GFP-325, GFP-254, and GFP-178. Fluorescence was observed in transgenic worms expressing the constructs GFP-397 and GFP-325 (as indicated in green). No signal was obtained for the shorter constructs GFP-254 and GFP-178. To investigate the involvement of the GATA element 259-265 bp upstream of the initiation codon (as indicated in red) in regulating transcription, site-directed mutagenesis was used. Mutation resulted in complete loss of GFP expression. C) Immunogold electron microscopy. Part of a cross section of wild-type worms using preimmune (A) and anti-GSTO-1 antibody (B). LD = lipid droplet; MT = mitochondria; IL = inner lumen of intestine; GP = gold particle. Electron micrographs were taken on a Phillips CM-10 transmission electron microscope.