Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Expression pattern of FLH-1. A translational fusion consisting of a VENUS reporter fused to the C terminus of flh-1 (Pflh-1::flh-1::venus::flh-1 3' UTR) displays expression starting from mid-embryogenesis. (Left panel) VENUS expression is detected in most cells during the gastrulation stage but is down-regulated during late embryogenesis and is undetectable by L1.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Expression pattern of FLH-3. The expression of a GFP transcriptional reporter for flh-3 (Pflh-3::gfp) displayed the most intense expression during late stages of embryogenesis and little GFP in mid-stage larvae. Expression from Pflh-3::gfp was also detected in L1 larvae.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Expression pattern of FLH-2. GFP expressed from the rescuing translational fusion gfp::flh-2 (Pflh-2::gfp::flh-2::flh-2 3' UTR) is detected in most cells during the gastrulation stage. Unlike flh-1::venus, the gfp::flh-2 reporter shows detectable expression in head and tail cells of larvae and adults.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Figure 6. (A) Expression pattern of FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3. A translational fusion consisting of a VENUS reporter fused to the C terminus of flh-1 (Pflh-1::flh-1::venus::flh-1 3' UTR) displays expression starting from mid-embryogenesis. (Left panel) VENUS expression is detected in most cells during the gastrulation stage but is down-regulated during late embryogenesis and is undetectable by L1. (Middle panel) GFP expressed from the rescuing translational fusion gfp::flh-2 (Pflh-2::gfp::flh-2::flh-2 3' UTR) is detected in most cells during the gastrulation stage. (Middle panel) Unlike flh-1::venus, the gfp::flh-2 reporter shows detectable expression in head and tail cells of larvae and adults. (Right panel) The expression of a GFP transcriptional reporter for flh-3 (Pflh-3::gfp) displayed the most intense expression during late stages of embryogenesis and little GFP in mid-stage larvae. (Right panel) Expression from Pflh-3::gfp was also detected in L1 larvae. (B) Northern analysis of flh-1 and flh-2 mRNAs. Total RNA from N2 synchronized animals was analyzed by Northern blotting. Equivalent amounts of the RNA used for the Northern blots were run separately in parallel, and the levels of the rRNAs served as the loading control. The flh-1 and flh-2 mRNAs are similar in size to the ribosomal RNAs, and some cross-reactivity may have occurred between the flh-1 and flh-2 probes and the rRNAs. (C) Western analysis of FLH-1 and FLH-2. Protein lysates from synchronized animals were analyzed by Western blots with antisera to FLH-1, FLH-2, and tubulin. Protein extracts from the deletion mutants, flh-1(bc374) and flh-2(bc375), show that the antibodies are specific to their corresponding antigen. Emb, St. L1, and Ad indicate embryos, starved L1 larvae, and adults, respectively.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Northern analysis of flh-1 mRNAs. Total RNA from N2 synchronized animals was analyzed by Northern blotting. Equivalent amounts of the RNA used for the Northern blots were run separately in parallel, and the levels of the rRNAs served as the loading control.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Northern analysis of flh-2 mRNAs. Total RNA from N2 synchronized animals was analyzed by Northern blotting. Equivalent amounts of the RNA used for the Northern blots were run separately in parallel, and the levels of the rRNAs served as the loading control.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Western analysis of FLH-2. Protein lysates from synchronized animals were analyzed by Western blots with antisera to FLH-2, and tubulin. Protein extracts from the deletion mutants, flh-2(bc375), show that the antibodies are specific to their corresponding antigen. Emb, St. L1, and Ad indicate embryos, starved L1 larvae, and adults, respectively.

Picture from Ow MC et al. (2008) Genes Dev "The FLYWCH transcription factors FLH-1, FLH-2, and FLH-3 repress embryonic ...."

Western analysis of FLH-1. Protein lysates from synchronized animals were analyzed by Western blots with antisera to FLH-1 and tubulin. Protein extracts from the deletion mutants, flh-1(bc374), show that the antibodies are specific to their corresponding antigen. Emb, St. L1, and Ad indicate embryos, starved L1 larvae, and adults, respectively.

Picture from Maurya, Ashish Kumar et al. (2022) MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1. CDKL-1 acts independently of DYF-5 to regulate morphology of simple but not complex cilia in C elegans.:A,B) Representative images of ASH cilia (A) and quantification of ASH cilia lengths (B) in the indicated genetic backgrounds. ASH cilia were visualized via expression of sra-6p::myr-gfp. Arrowheads indicate cilia base; arrows indicate dendrite. Anterior is at top. Scale bar: 4 μm.C,D) Representative images of AWA cilia (C) and quantification of AWA cilia morphologies (D) in the indicated genetic backgrounds. AWA cilia were visualized via expression of gpa-4pΔ6p::myr-gfp. Arrowheads indicate cilia base; arrows indicate dendrite; asterisk indicates dendritic branches. Anterior is at top left. Scale bar: 10 μm.Alleles used were: cdkl-1(ok2694) and dyf-18(ok200). Images shown are from adult hermaphrodites. *** and ###: different between indicated at P < 0.001 (one way ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc test (B), Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni posthoc test (D). ns - not significant. n ≥30 neurons each.E) In neurons containing rod-like cilia, DYF-18 acts upstream of both DYF-5 and CDKL-1; DYF-5 and CDKL-1 act independently to inhibit cilia length. In the AWA neurons, DYF-18 also acts upstream of DYF-5 to regulate their complex cilia architecture. CDKL-1 appears to play only a minor role in shaping AWA cilia. XBX-4 regulates DYF-18 in multiple sensory neuron types (Maurya and Sengupta, 2021).

Picture from Chien E et al. (2023) MicroPubl Biol "Transcriptional repression during spermatogenesis in C. elegans ...."

Figure 1. Diplotene/diakinesis spermatocytes treated with top-2, capg-2, and met-2 RNAi exhibit increased RNAPIIpSer2 signals.:A. Dissected wild-type male gonads were fixed and stained for DNA (blue). The gonad is divided into three regions based on DNA morphology. The compaction zone, comprised of diplotene and diakinesis spermatocytes, was examined in subsequent experiments. Scale bar equals 10 μM.B. Gonads from male animals treated with control RNAi were fixed and stained for RNAPII (pSer2; red) and DNA (blue). Representative image of the compaction zone (C.Z.) is shown. Scale bar equals 10 μM.C. Gonads from male animals treated with capg-2 RNAi were fixed and stained for RNAPII (pSer2; red) and DNA (blue). Representative image of the compaction zone (C.Z.) is shown. Scale bar equals 10 μM.D. Gonads from male animals treated with top-2 RNAi were fixed and stained for RNAPII (pSer2; red) and DNA (blue). Representative image of the compaction zone (C.Z.) is shown. Scale bar equals 10 μM.E. Gonads from male animals treated with met-2 RNAi were fixed and stained for RNAPII (pSer2; red) and DNA (blue). Representative image of the compaction zone (C.Z.) is shown. Scale bar equals 10 μM.F. Quantification of data presented in panels B-E. RNAPIIpSer2 signal was measured using ImageJ. The average ratio of normalized raw integrated density is plotted on the y-axis, and this corresponds to the ratio of signal intensities derived from the compaction zone (C.Z.) over the pachytene zone. Samples were analyzed for each RNAi treatment over at least 2 independent replicates. Significance was measured using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The number of samples analyzed for each condition is shown below. **p<0.01; *p<0.05.