Picture from Kawai H et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell "Normal formation of a subset of intestinal granules in Caenorhabditis elegans ...."

(D-F) Staining of Is[haf-9::GFP] transgenic worms with acridine orange, a dye for acidic compartment labeling. GFP in green (D), acridine orange in magenta (E), and the merged images (F). Fluorescence from GFP and acridine orange is unmixed by lambda-scanning with a confocal microscope. HAF-9::GFP-positive granules do not overlap with acridine orange-positive granules. (J-L) Coexpression of HAF-9::GFP (J) with organelle marker LMP-1::mRFP (K), which is a C. elegans homologue of a mammalian lysosomal protein LAMP. As shown in the merged image (L), HAF-9::GFP is mostly colocalized with LMP-1::mRFP.

Picture from Kawai H et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell "Normal formation of a subset of intestinal granules in Caenorhabditis elegans ...."

(D-F) Staining of Is[haf-9::GFP] transgenic worms with acridine orange, a dye for acidic compartment labeling. GFP in green (D), acridine orange in magenta (E), and the merged images (F). Fluorescence from GFP and acridine orange is unmixed by lambda-scanning with a confocal microscope. HAF-9::GFP-positive granules do not overlap with acridine orange-positive granules. (J-L) Coexpression of HAF-9::GFP (J) with organelle marker LMP-1::mRFP (K), which is a C. elegans homologue of a mammalian lysosomal protein LAMP. As shown in the merged image (L), HAF-9::GFP is mostly colocalized with LMP-1::mRFP.

Picture from Zhang SO et al. (2010) BMC Cell Biol "Lipid droplets as ubiquitous fat storage organelles in C. elegans."

Figure 6. A model of BODIPY and Nile Red trafficking in live wild-type animals and peroxisomal b-oxidation mutants. (A) A schematic diagram of possible BODIPY (green) and Nile Red (red) trafficking in gut epithelial cells in wild-type animals. A single gut epithelial cell is diagrammed as a rectangular box with microvilli (triangles) pointing to the gut lumen. Gut epithelial cells are rich in vesicular structures, which include LROs (orange vesicles), lipid droplets (green vesicles labelled as LD), and other vesiclular organelles (white). Both BODIPY and Nile Red are endocytosed into the gut epithelial cell and trafficked through endolysosomal pathways to LROs (orange arrow and orange vesicles). Hypothetically, BODIPY can be targeted to lipid droplets from LROs and or from endosomes (green arrows question marked). (B) In peroxisomal b-oxidation mutants, lipid droplet size increases (large orange vesicles). Nile Red as well as BODIPY can be targeted to lipid droplets (orange arrows question marked).

Picture from Salama R et al. (2023) MicroPubl Biol "The Architect of Neurotransmission in C. elegans : How FLP-3 ...."

Figure 1. Neuropeptide conformation impacts behavioral response to ascr#8 detection in male loss of flp-3 function worms:A) Peptides produced by the flp-3 gene presented in the current study. B) FLP-3-2 (light blue) and the threonine in position 8 (T8) from the N-terminus (orange) inhibits avoidance, FLP-3-9 (dark blue) and T8 (orange) inhibits avoidance and promoted attraction. C) FLP-3-1 (rose) promoted avoidance while FLP-3-2 (light blue) inhibits avoidance, both contain the first 7 amino acids except for a serine in position 8 for FLP-3-1 (tan). D) FLP-3-7 (magenta) and E8 (tan) promotes avoidance, FLP-3-7T (cyan) and T8 (orange) inhibits avoidance. E) FLP-3-7T superimposed with, FLP-3-1, FLP-3-2, FLP-3-7,and FLP-3-9.

Picture from Loucks CM et al. (2016) Mol Biol Cell "PACRG, a Protein Linked to Ciliary Motility, Mediates Cellular ...."

(B) Localization of EFHC-1::GFP to the four OLQ and the four CEP cilia of C. elegans. Basal body regions (BB) areindicated by orange ovals, cilia by green lines, and dendrites by gray lines. Scale bar, 5 um.

Picture from Kawai H et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell "Normal formation of a subset of intestinal granules in Caenorhabditis elegans ...."

Figure 3. HAF-4::GFP- and HAF-9::GFP-positive granules are nonacidic, but LMP-1-positive intestinal granules. (A-F) Staining of Is[haf-4:: GFP] (A-C) and Is[haf-9::GFP] (D-F) transgenic worms with acridine orange, a dye for acidic compartment labeling. GFP in green (A and D), acridine orange in magenta (B and E), and the merged images (C and F). Fluorescence from GFP and acridine orange is unmixed by {lambda}-scanning with a confocal microscope. Neither HAF-4::GFP- nor HAF-9::GFP-positive granules overlap with acridine orange-positive granules. (G-L) Coexpression of HAF-4::GFP (G) or HAF-9::GFP (J) with organelle marker LMP-1::mRFP (H and K), which is a C. elegans homologue of a mammalian lysosomal protein LAMP. As shown in the merged images (I and L), HAF-4::GFP and HAF-9::GFP are mostly colocalized with LMP-1::mRFP. Bars, 5 um. (M-T) Subcellular localization of HAF-4::GFP and HAF-9::GFP in the vesicular transport-defective mutants. Bars, 10 um. Neither HAF-4::GFP (M and N) nor HAF-9::GFP (O and P) are localized on the abnormally enlarged early endosome characteristic of rab-10(q373) (M-P). In contrast, they are observed on the edge of enlarged vacuoles in ppk-3(n2668), which reportedly accumulates LMP-1-positive large vacuoles (Q-T). The enlarged vacuoles in the DIC images are traced with asterisks (N, P, R, and T).

Picture from Schmidt R et al. (2017) J Cell Biol "Two populations of cytoplasmic dynein contribute to spindle positioning in C. ...."

Figure 1. Endogenous tagging of dhc-1. (A) Dynein tagging strategies. Colors indicate dhc-1 exons (blue), mcherry (red), egfp (green), and linkers (orange). Cartoons illustrate dynein heavy chain with FP fused to the C (top) or N terminus (bottom). (B) Brood size and embryonic lethality of dhc-1 knock-instrains shown as means +- SD. n = 4 animals each. (C) Widefield image showing mCherry::DHC-1 expression in an adult with a zoom of the germline (reddashed box) below. Bars: (top) 50 um; (bottom) 10 um. (D) SDCM images of eGFP::DHC-1 localization in the one-cell embryo. Bar, 5 um.

Picture from Aviles S et al. (2024) MicroPubl Biol "New alleles of nlp-2 , nlp-22 , and nlp-23 demonstrate ...."

Figure 1. The RPamide neuropeptides are dispensable for stress-induced sleep:(a) Gene structures and alleles for the RPamide neuropeptides. (b) Average minutes of movement quiescence in 10-minute windows during L4 developmentally-timed sleep in wild-type (N=31) and nlp-22(stj313) (N=33) animals, wild-type (N=35) and nlp-23(stj310) (N=36) animals, and wild-type (N=26), nlp-22(stj313) (N=30), and nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=60) animals. (c) Total minutes of movement quiescence during L4 developmentally-timed sleep in wild-type (N=31) and nlp-22(stj313) (N=33) animals, wild-type (N=35) and nlp-23(stj310) (N=36) animals, wild-type (N=26), nlp-22(stj313) (N=30), and nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=60) animals, and wild-type (N=38), nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=34), and nlp-2(stj351);nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=82) animals. (d) Total minutes of movement quiescence during UV-induced sleep in wild-type (N=33) and nlp-22(stj313) (N=31) animals, wild-type (N=44) and nlp-23(stj310) (N=49) animals, wild-type (N=55), nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=41), and nlp-2(stj351);nlp-22(stj313);nlp-23(stj311) (N=50) animals. For both (c) and (d) statistical significance was calculated by Student's t-test (2 genotypes) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (3 genotypes)(*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).

Picture from Naegeli KM et al. (2017) Dev Cell "Cell Invasion InVivo via Rapid Exocytosis of a Transient Lysosome-Derived ...."

(A) A snap-29 transcriptional reporter (snap-29>GFP; top right) expressed in the AC. An AC-expressed translational reporter (cdh-3>mCherry::SNAP-29; bottom)is polarized (arrowheads) to the invasive membrane before invasion (left) and within the protrusion (right); BM position, orange.

Picture from Dubois C et al. (2023) MicroPubl Biol "A QTL on chromosome IV explains a natural variation of QR.pap final position in ...."

Figure 1. A main QTL on chromosome IV underlies the difference in QRpap final position between CB4932 and JU1242:(A) Nomarski micrographs of late L1 larvae showing examples of QR.paa and QR.pap positions in JU1242 (top) and CB4932 (bottom). (B) Distribution of QR.paa and QR.pap positions in JU1242 and CB4932, replotted from data in Dubois et al., 2021. n=50 per line. Large dots and error bars represent the mean ± s.d. Statistical differences were assessed using a Wilcoxon's rank sum test (***p-value<0.001). (C) Distribution of QR.paa and QR.pap positions in the F1 progeny of JU1242 and CB4932. n=50 per condition. Letters (a-d) represent groups with similar mean (Dunn's test with Bonferroni adjustment post-hoc comparison). For instance, "ab" means that this condition is not significatively different from either "a" or "b", which are different from each other. (D) Generation of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs). A single pair of chromosomes is represented for clarity. (E) Distribution of QR.pap final position in the 200 RILs. The parental genotypes CB4932 (dark blue) and JU1242 (dark orange) were phenotyped independently three times. The 40 RILs with the most anterior QR.pap position (light blue) were pooled for sequencing, as well as the 40 with the most posterior position (light orange). Dots and error bars represent the mean ± c.i. (95%); n=20 per line. A histogram of the phenotypic distribution is shown on the right. (F) Bulk Segregant Analysis: JU1242 allele frequency in the Posterior pool (orange) and the Anterior Pool (Blue). Thin horizontal black lines represent the threshold for a significant difference between log-odd ratios at p = 0.001. The JU1242 allele frequency is fixed in the Posterior Pool between 4.5 Mb to 6 Mb, revealing a QTL associated to the variation in QR.pap final position. (G) Validation of the chromosome IV effect on QR.pap final position. Near isogenic Lines were generated using successive backcrosses to exchange chromosome IV between CB4932 and JU1242. The chromosomes from CB4932 are represented in Blue and those from JU1242 in Orange. n>40 scored animals per line. Dots and error bars represent the mean ± s.d. Letters (a-c) represent groups of genotypes with a similar QR.pap mean (Dunn's test with Bonferroni adjustment post-hoc comparison).