Figure 1. CCPP-1 Is Required for PKD-2 Localization and Is Expressed in the Ciliated Sensory Nervous System (A) Diagram of the male-specific CEM neurons in the head and hook B-type (HOB) and RnB (ray B-type, where n = 1-9, excluding 6) neurons in the tail. Box illustrates the region of CEM (cephalic sensilla, male) cilia and distal dendrites shown in the epifluorescent images. In the ventral-up cartoon of the male tail, the RnBs innervate the tail rays; R3B dendrite is shown as an example. (B) In wild-type males, PKD-2::GFP faintly illuminated cilia of the CEM neurons, the HOB cilium, and the cilia of the RnB neurons.
ccpp-1(
my22) and ccpp- 1
(ok1821) mutants exhibit the Cil phenotype. Arrows point to CEM cilia; arrowheads point to R1B and R2B cilia. Expression of genomic
ccpp-1 rescued the Cil phenotype of
ccpp-1(
ok1821). (C) CCPP-1 contains several conserved regions, including a zinc carboxypeptidase domain, an aspartic-acid rich domain, a conserved 'NT' region (N-terminal to the carboxypeptidase domain; [12]), and predicted NLS (nuclear localization signal; [36]). CCPP-1 also contains a predicted leucine zipper near the N terminus (ScanProsite [37]). The
my22 lesion affects the conserved sequence FESGNL in the NT region of CCPP-1. (D) In adult hermaphrodites, CCPP-1::GFP was expressed in amphid and IL2 core ciliated sensory neurons. A cilium containing CCPP-1::GFP is indicated. (E) Confocal projections of CCPP-1::GFP expression in males. Top (L4): CCPP-1::GFP was expressed in (left) amphid, IL2, and CEM neurons and (right)male tail ray and HOB neuronal cell bodies (empty arrowheads). Gubernacular erector (g.e.) and retractor (g.r.) muscles are indicated. Bottom (1-day-old adult): CCPP-1::GFP localization in ray neuron dendrites (arrow) and a cilium (arrowhead) is shown. (F)
ccpp-1 mutants are defective in response behavior. Number of trials and number of males for each genotype was as follows: wild-type, seven trials, n = 70 males;
ok1821, six trials, n = 60;
ok1821;Ex[
ccpp-1(+)], three trials, n = 29;
ok1821;Ex[
ccpp-1::gfp], three trials, n = 24;
my22, four trials, n = 40;
my22;Ex[ccpp- 1::gfp], five trials, n = 39. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM); ** indicates that
ccpp-1 mutants were statistically different (p < 1024, analysis of variance [ANOVA]/Tukey HSD test) from mutants expressing
ccpp-1 transgenes, which were similar to wild-type. See also Figure S1.