Picture from Starich TA et al. (1993) Genetics "Molecular and genetic analysis of unc-7, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene required ...."

FIGURE 5. Transcript levels of unc-7 vary over the course of development. RNA was isolated from eggs (lane 1). the four larval stages LI (lane 2). L2 (lane 3).L3 (lane 4). and L4 (lane 5),and young adults(lane6). A northern blot containing total RNA, 30pg per lane, was hybridized to unc-7 coding sequences (Ao) r an rRNA probe (B, showing 18s signal). Poly(A)-enriched RNA, 10 ug per lane (C), was hybridized to the same unc-7 probe as in A.

Picture from Colavita A et al. (1998) Science "Pioneer axon guidance by UNC-129, a C. elegans TGF-beta."

Figure 2. (left). Expression pattern and cell nonautonomous activity of unc-129. (A) Comparison ofunc-129::gfp transcriptional reporters used in this study with unc-129 rescuing genomic DNA. (Bto E) unc-129::gfp expression pattern at ~280 min (B), ~430 min (C), ~550 min (D) postcleavage, and in LI larvae (E). Expression in dorsal body wall muscle [arrowheads in (D) and (E)] is observed before DA and DB expression. GFP expression vectors used in (B) to (D) contain a nuclear localization signal. (F and G) unc129::gfpreporter derivatives expressed predominantly in DA and DB motorneurons (F) (arrow indicates dorsal nerve cord) and dorsal body wall muscle in L1 larvae (G). (H) unc-129 expression from the dorsal muscle-specific promoter is sufficient to completely rescue theunc-129 phenotype. Restriction sites as in Fig. 1. Bar, 10 um.

Picture from Korekova D et al. (2012) PLoS One "Nucleologenesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo."

Figure 8. Ultrastructural immunolocalization of DAO-5 in high-pressure frozen and cryo-substituted embryos. A) In early embryos (~10-20-cell stage), the nucleolus (arrow) appears as an electron-dense structure with no obvious internal organization. B) Post-embedding immunolabeling of DAO-5 confirms that the protein is associated with the nucleolus. C) In slightly later embryos (~30-40-cell stage), initial signs of granular structures (arrowheads) are found at the periphery of the nucleolus. The DAO-5 signal appears to be excluded from this region. D) A section showing two granular nucleoli in the nucleus of a ,30-40-cell stage. E) Higher magnification of the region boxed in D. The arrow points to the nucleolus. F) In yet older embryos (~60-80-cell stage), the segregation of granular structures (arrowheads) at the periphery of the nucleolus is more pronounced. li, lipid droplet; mi, mitochondria; nm, nuclear membrane; ri, ribosomes. Bars: A, D and F, 500 nm; B, C and E, 200 nm.

Picture from Lee RC et al. (2001) Science "An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Figure 1. Northern blots of small RNA transcripts. (A through C) Total RNA from C. elegans larvae (stages L1 through L4) or from mixed stage (M) populations were blotted and probed with oligonucleotides complementary to either the 5' or 3' half of the indicated transcript (13). U6 = the same filters were probed with probe to U6 snRNA as a loading control. (A)mir-60 5' probe detects a transcript of ~65 nt. The ratio of L1 to L4 mir-60 signal, normalized to U6, is about 5:1. The mir-60 3' probe (not shown) detects a similar-sized species with a similar developmental profile. (B) mir-80 3' probe detects a ~22-nt RNA expressed uniformly at all stages. (C) mir-52 5' probe. The normalized mir-52 signal is threefold greater in the L1 versus the L3. (D) mir-1 3' probe detects a transcript of ~22 nt in total RNA from mouse (Mm) 17-day embryos, mixed-stage C. elegans (Ce), Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) mixture of embryo-larvae-pupae, and in a sample of human heart (ht) tissue. Other human tissue samples were brain (br), liver (li), kidney (ki), and lung (lu). (E)mir-1 and mir-58 probes to total RNA from mixed populations of wild-type (+) and dcr-1(ok247) (-) animals. An increase in the proportion of unprocessed ~65-nt precursor is observed in the dcr-1 RNA.

Picture from Hunter CP et al. (1996) Cell "Spatial and temporal controls target pal-1 blastomere-specification activity ...."

Figure 1. PAL-1 Localization in the Early Embryo. (A-D) Immunofluorescence micrographs of representative wild-type embryos stained for PAL-1 (left column) and DNA (DAPI) (middle column) and a schematic drawing summarizing, in all focal planes, typical protein localization patterns (right column).(A) Strong PAL-1 staining was never observed in two-cell embryos; very weak staining was occasionally observed (7 of 62 embryos). This image was overexposed to show absence of any nuclear staining.(B) Strong PAL-1 staining was first detected in 4 cell embryos in the EMS and P2 nuclei; however, with some fixation methods, very weak staining was occasionally detected in ABa and ABp nuclei (2 of 40 embryos). In this example, ABp is staining weakly.(C) Strong staining was detected in all four P1 descendants at the 12 cell stage. In this example, both the E and MS (slightly out of focus) blastomeres were in late mitosis, as indicated in the DNA image. PAL-1 was detected on the condensed chromosomes (arrows). Not all nuclei are visible in this focal plane.(D) PAL-1 staining continued to be detected in all the P1 descendants in a 15-24 cell stage embryo (the eight AB descendants and P3 are in mitosis). The staining intensity increased in Ca and Cp, whereas the signal in the EMS descendants began to decrease; the relative staining levels were quite variable in 24 to 28 cell embryos. Not all nuclei are visible in this focal plane.(E) Summary of PAL-1 localization through the 28 cell stage. The thick lines and bold lettering represent cells that stain for PAL-1. Approximate developmental time in minutes (at 20C) from the first cleavage is indicated to the left. The arrows to the right indicate the approximate stage of the representative staining patterns shown in (A)-(D). Scale bar, 10 μM.

Picture from Hare EE et al. (2004) BMC Evol Biol "Function and evolution of the serotonin-synthetic bas-1 gene and other aromatic ...."

Figure 4. Expression pattern of a bas-1::GFP reporter fusion in transgenic Roller worms. (Panels A-C are from the same adult hermaphrodite. Ventral is down and anterior to the right.) A. Ventral, slightly oblique view of the head, showing NSMs, CEPDs, ADEL and likely AIMs. B. Same head, higher (more dorsal) focal plane, showing CEPDs and ADER. C. Photomontage showing ventral oblique view of HSNs and their processes in the ventral nerve cord; note also apparent labeling of muscles associated with the vulva. A second worm is immediately adjacent above, obscuring the edge of the worm shown. (Panels D-F: Anterior is to the left.) D. Adult hermaphrodite head, ventral view, chosen to show the characteristic highly varicose processes of the NSM cells within the isthmus of the pharynx. E. Larval head, ventral view with fluorescence and brightfield. This clearly shows the location of the NSM somata in the ventral pharynx, anterior bulb; it also shows the serotonergic ADF neurons not seen in A, B. CEPDs would be seen in a dorsal focal plane in this worm. F. Adult hermaphrodite lateral view of body wall. Ventral is down. Shows HSN and PDE; note PDE process extending ventrally toward the ventral nerve cord and dendrite extending dorsally into postdeirid sensillum. Twisting of the body axis associated with Roller phenotype makes HSN and PDE somata appear at the same lateral level when HSN is actually located sublateral and PDE subdorsal; twisting also takes ventral nerve cord out of plane of focus in the right of the panel. (Panels G-I are from males; anterior is to the right.) G. Late L4 male tail showing ray neurons (RNs) with processes extending into the rays. In some males we saw spicule cell staining likely belonging to spicule socket cells (SpSo). Ventral, slightly oblique view. H. Adult male tail showing RNs and their neurites in rays 7 and 9 on the right side, view ventral, slightly oblique. I. Male-specific ventral nerve cord motoneurons CP5 and CP6, the CP neurons most commonly expressing the transgene. The PDE soma in the lateral body wall is out of the plane of focus.

Picture from Hobert O et al. (1998) J Neurosci "Control of neural development and function in a thermoregulatory network by the ...."

Figure 2. Expression pattern analysis of the lin-11 gene. GFP fluorescence of different-staged animals carrying integrated lin-11-GFP reporter gene constructs are shown. The larval stages are indicated. The white arrow in the embryonic stages depicts an outgrowing axon from a neuronal cell body. Note that the GFP reporter construct does not contain the nuclear localization sequence of LIN-11; thus the axon and cell bodies fluoresce uniformly. Also note that because of differential planes of focus, not all neurons can be seen in every panel (e.g., in A, not all neurons in the lumbar ganglion are in the same plane of focus). A,C, F, Lateral view. B,D, E, Ventral and dorsal views. All animals shown (except those in E andF) carry an integrate dplin-11-ABCDE-GFP reporter gene construct (see Fig. 4). Note that in the early L2 animal in D, the VC motor neurons are not matured (they have not sent out their axonal projections) (Li and Chalfie, 1990), so that in the ventral cord, only the AVG, AVH/AVJ, andPVQ interneurons stain. The white triangles in D point to the left (PVQL) and right (AVG,AVH/AVJ, and PVQR) ventral cord tracts.E, F, Transgenic plin-11-B-GFP animals, which display staining of theVC motor neurons and the vulva, are shown. The expression in the VC motor neurons begins at late larval stages after the postembryonic birth and axonal outgrowth of the VC neurons. Staining of tail neurons decreases in adulthood, whereas expression in the head neurons perdures. Expression in the vulval precursors cells is confined to the generation of thevulva during middle to late larval stages. Because the numbers of cells staining in these early larval stages does not appear to differ from the number of embryonically staining cells and because the onset of embryonic GFP staining correlates with the birth of these neurons, we conclude that the embryonic cells expressing lin-11-GFP are exclusively neurons. An essentially similar expression pattern can be observed using a lacZ-reporter gene fusion (Freyd, 1991). The expression of lin-11 in theAVG interneuron is considerably weaker than that in the other head neurons.

Picture from Weiser NE et al. (2017) Dev Cell "MORC-1 Integrates Nuclear RNAi and Transgenerational Chromatin Architecture ...."

Figure S1. Related to Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. MORC-1 is expressed in somaticnuclei, characterization of E39A variant, morc-1 does not regulate siRNAaccumulation, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq strategy overview. (A) MORC-1::3xFlag isexpressed in intestinal nuclei shown by anti-Flag immunofluorescence and DAPI stainingof worms expressing morc-1::3xflag at the endogenous morc-1 locus and grown for twogenerations on empty vector RNAi or on morc-1 RNAi. (B) Western blot of wormsexpressing morc-1(WT)::3xflag and morc-1(E39A)::3xflag grown on vector or morc-1RNAi using anti-Flag antibody. Anti-H3 antibody was used as a loading control. Asteriskdesignates a higher molecular weight band that is eliminated by morc-1 RNAi. This mayindicate a post-translational modification or alternative isoform of MORC-1. Quantificationof both bands by LI-COR Odyssey Fc is shown in (C). (D) Fertility of designated genotypeat F6 and F10 generations at 25C. Mean fertility ± SD of 12 worms per genotype pergeneration is shown. morc-1(-) mutants are sterile at F6, morc-1(E39A)::3xflag mutantsare essentially sterile at F10, and morc-1(WT)::3xflag worms have wildtype fertility. (E)morc-1(E39A)::3xflag mutants are resistant to lir-1 RNAi. morc-1(WT)::3xflag wormshave wildtype sensitivity to lir-1 RNAi. Bars indicate percentage of worms arrested ordead as a mean of three biological replicates ± SD; n100 (F) morc-1(E39A)::3xflag isdefective for RNAi inheritance. On gfp RNAi, silencing of gfp is completely penetrant, butthere is a mild defect in gfp silencing in the F1 generation. In morc-1(-) mutants, themajority of F1 worms express GFP. Silencing is completely penetrant in P0 and F1generations in morc-1(WT)::3xflag and wildtype worms. Bars indicate percentage ofworms expressing GFP as mean of three biological replicates ± SD; n50. (G) Levels ofanti-gfp siRNAs in adult worms grown on gfp RNAi and in F1 and F2 generations grownon OP50. siRNA levels measured by TaqMan qRT-PCR, normalized to U18, and shownin arbitrary units as mean of two technical replicates ± SD. (H) Sample collectionschematic for RNA-seq and ChIP-seq studies.