Picture from Thurman, Michellie et al. (2021) MicroPubl Biol

Table 1. kez8 is a maternal-effect suppressor of pmr-1(ru5ts) lethality and an allele of slo-1:*samples that do not share a letter are significantly different. One-way ANOVA with Tukey comparison p<0.01 (Minitab).** Chi square analysis of F2 from the cross showed expected ratios for each genotype, with individuals producing viable progeny at frequencies similar to both parental and heterozygous genotypes; p>0.05.

Picture from Wu Y et al. (2001) J Biol Chem "Expression and secretion of a larval-specific chitinase (family 18 glycosyl ...."

Figure 7. Expression pattern of Ov-CHI-1 homologue in C. elegans. A, immunoblot of C. elegans life cycle stages probed with rabbit antiserum to recombinant C. elegans chitinase. Samples from left to right are as follows:lane 1, 3-day-old hermaphrodite; lane 2, L4 larvae; lane 3, L2-L3 larvae; lane 4, L1 larvae;lane 5, dauer larvae; lane 6, laid eggs.B, a panel of the corresponding samples probed with preimmune rabbit serum.

Picture from Lee KK et al. (2002) Mol Biol Cell "Lamin-dependent localization of UNC-84, a protein required for nuclear ...."

Figure 6. UNC-84 localization during mitosis. Wild-type embryos (100-300 cells) were stained with rat anti-UNC-84 antibodies (right panels) and Hoechst 33258 to stain DNA (left panels), viewed by fluorescence microscopy and photographed at different stages of the cell cycle. A representative nucleus from each stage is shown: IP, interphase; EP, early prophase; LP, late prophase; PM, prometaphase; MT, metaphase; EA, early anaphase; LA, late anaphase and TL, telophase. Nuclear staining was detected in all stages of mitosis except late anaphase, consistent with other nuclear membrane markers (Lee et al., 2000).

Picture from Oikonomou G et al. (2011) PLoS Biol "Opposing activities of LIT-1/NLK and DAF-6/patched-related direct sensory ...."

Figure 5. mom-4/TAK1 mutations suppress the loss of daf-6. (A) Dye filling in animals of the indicated genotypes (n$90). The alleles used are: daf-6(n1543), lit-1(ns132), mom-4(ne1539). daf-6 is marked with unc-3(e151) in all strains except for mom-4; daf-6. unc-3(e151) does not affect dye filling (unpublished data). Error bars, SEM. p value calculated using Chi-squared test. (B) Schematic of Wnt signaling during endoderm specification in C. elegans. In contrast to the LIT-1 MAPK module (red), Wnt signaling does not appear to be involved in amphid sheath channel formation (see text and Table S1).

Picture from Oikonomou G et al. (2011) PLoS Biol "Opposing activities of LIT-1/NLK and DAF-6/patched-related direct sensory ...."

Figure 3. Suppression of daf-6 mutations requires loss of lit-1 in glia. (A) Image of an amphid sheath glial cell body expressing lit-1p::NLS-RFP (red; in nucleus) and vap-1p::GFP (green) (transgene nsEx2308). Yellow, overlapping expression. Left is anterior. Scale bar, 10 mm. (B) Image of an adult (head) expressing lit-1p::GFP (green) and ptr-10p::NLS-RFP (red) (transgene nsEx2159). Arrows, cells with overlapping expression. Left is anterior. Scale bar, 10 mm. (C) Dye-filling assay for indicated genotypes (n$90). None of the transgenes had an effect on the dye filling of wild type animals (n.100, unpublished data). Error bars, SEM. p value calculated using Chi-squared test.

Picture from Mitchell RM et al. (2021) MicroPubl Biol "Deficient mechanosensation in mec-3 decreases precipice response in C. ...."

Figure 1. C. elegans frequently reverses at a cliff edge; response is reduced in mec-3 mutants: A) N2 worm exhibiting precipice response. The worm first encounters the edge of the agar chunk, with its nose going over the edge (left panel). The worm quickly reverses (direction indicated by red arrow) and is shown 1.5 seconds later (right panel). B) mec-3 worm failing to exhibit precipice response. Upon its first encounter with the edge of the agar chunk (left panel), rather than reversing, this worm continues crawling down the side of the chunk (direction indicated by red arrow) and is shown 1.5 seconds later (right panel). C) Mutant worms with defects in mechanosensation were tested for their precipice response. mec-3, but neither mec-10 nor trp-4, showed a significant decrease in the percentage of worms exhibiting the response. Observers in these experiments were blind to the genotype. Data in C represents % of worms exhibiting precipice response and 95% confidence interval. n = number of worms assayed. *** indicates p < 0.001, based on chi-square test, X2 (1, N=128) = 11.28, p < 0.001. Chi-square test showed no significant difference in the likelihood of precipice response between mec-10 and N2, X2 (1, N=101) = .79, p = .38, or between trp-4 and N2, X2 (1, N=106) = 0.13, p = .71. The videos from which the still photos in A and B were taken are available in the Supplemental Materials. Magnification: 250X.

Picture from Zocher E et al. (2018) MicroPubl Biol "Dominant-negative VPS-4 disrupts ODR-10::GFP distribution but has limited ...."

Figure 1. Effects of expression of vps-4(E219Q) (VPS-4 DN) under the odr-10 promoter. A. Image of the head of an animal to illustrate the distribution of ODR-10::GFP fluorescence in an AWA neuron of an animal expressing VPS-4 DN under the odr-10 promoter. Animals were scored for having no visible fluorescence, fluorescence in the cilia, fluorescence in the cell body (arrowhead), with or without ciliary fluorescence (arrow). Red fluorescence is from the injection marker, Pttx-3::dsRed (asterisks). Image acquired at 630X magnification. B. Localization of ODR-10::GFP in the AWA neurons of adult hermaphrodites. Bar graph shows the relative distribution of phenotypes under different conditions. Numbers in the columns indicate the number of animals observed. Data are significant with p << 0.001 using a Chi-square contingency test, Chi-Square value = 123.82, 6 degrees of freedom. No assumptions were violated. C. Effects of different conditions on chemotaxis toward diacetyl, compared to ethanol control for young adult hermaphrodites; odr-10 (ky32) is shown as a negative control. Animals in chemotaxis experiments did not express ODR-10::GFP. Box and whisker plots show the results of 12-13 independent trials. Median chemotaxis indices were wild type (N2) = 0.85, wild type (N2), starved = 0.8, VPS-4 DN = 0.81, VPS-4 DN, starved = 0.7, odr-10 (ky32) = 0.08. Boxes bound the 1st and 3rd quartiles and circles represent outliers of greater than 1.5 times either quartile. Chemotaxis indices were calculated using the following expression: ((animals at chemoattractant)-(animals at control))/total animals on the plate. * p<0.05 compared to wild type, Tukey-Kramer post-test.

Picture from Banerjee N et al. (2017) PLoS Genet "Local neuropeptide signaling modulates serotonergic transmission to shape the ...."

Fig 3. NLP-7 and FLP-11 are expressed in uv1 cells and act synergistically to inhibit egg-laying. (A) Schematic of egg-laying neuromusculature. (B)Fluorescent images of adult hermaphrodites expressing either Pnlp-7::NLP-7::SL2::mCherry or Pflp-11::GFP [36] reporter transgenes. In addition to theegg-laying circuit, both reporters label head and tail neurons (see S1 and S2 Figs). Scale bars, 5 um. (C) Representative DIC images of wild type (upper)and nlp-7(lf);flp-11(lf) double mutants (lower). Arrows indicate position of the vulva. (D) Quantification of eggs in utero. Bars represent mean +- SEM foreach genotype. Numbers in bars indicate the n for each group. **** p<0.0001, *** p<0.001 ANOVA with Sidak's post-hoc test. In this and all subsequentfigures, nlp-7(lf) and flp-11(lf) refer to the tm2984 and tm2709 alleles respectively. (E) Time interval between light stimulus and subsequent egg-layingevent. For E and F, light stimulation (5 s, 100 W/m2) of animals stably expressing uv1::ChR2 was initiated immediately after the first egg-laying event of anactive phase. Percent of animals that perform a second egg laying event within 20 s, 20-300 s, or after >300 s is indicated. control, n = 12; nlp-7;flp-11,n = 11. p<0.0001, Chi-square test. Dashed lines indicate percent of animals in each category for control stimulation in the absence of retinal (from Fig 2).(F) Quantification of total egg-laying events following the initial event within an active phase. Percent of animals laying 0-2, 3-5, or >5 eggs following uv1photostimulation is shown. Dashed lines indicated percent of animals in each category for control stimulation in the absence of retinal (from Fig 2). ATR,exogenous retinal. control, n = 12; nlp-7;flp-11, n = 11. p<0.0001, Chi-square test.

Picture from Nguyen, Irene et al. (2021) MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1. dmd-10 mutant worms display the typical number of amphid sensory neurons pairs: (A) Map of the positions of C. elegans ASH, ADL, ASI, AWB, ASK, and ASJ sensory neurons. (B-D) DiI labeled ASH, ASI, ADL, ASK, AWB, and ASJ sensory neurons of a representative wildtype (WT) (B) cam-1 (C) and dmd-10 (D) worm visualized via fluorescence microscopy. Images show the presence of each fluorescently-labeled sensory neuron cell body (white solid arrows) in both the left (L) and right (R) sets. Yellow arrowheads note missing ASI cell bodies in cam-1 worms. (E) Graphs show the proportion worms with DiI filled amphid neurons for each genotype (WT n=34, cam-1 n=36, dmd-10 n=31). Unfilled portion of each bar represents proportion of worms with 1 out of 2 neurons observed. *=p<0.05 Chi-squared test, cam-1 compared to wildtype.

Picture from Schild LC et al. (2014) Neuron "The balance between cytoplasmic and nuclear CaM kinase-1 signaling controls the ...."

(C) Fluorescence images of animals expressing either CMK-1(1-348)::GFP (full-length CMK-1, left) or CMK-1(1-304)::GFP (corresponding to the pg58 truncation,right). The constructs were expressed under the control of the cmk-1 promoter. Scale bars, 100 mm.(D and E) Subcellular localization of full-length CMK-1(1-348) and truncated CMK-1(1-304) proteins expressed under the control of the cmk-1 promoter.Representative deconvolved images taken in the head (D) and the tail (E). Scale bars, 3 mm.(F) Distribution of the subcellular localization of CMK-1 isoforms shown in (D) and (E). The numbers of neurons assessed are indicated to the right of each bar. *p <0.01 by chi-square test. These data were obtained in the cmk-1(wt) genetic background. We observed similar results in the cmk-1(ok287) null background