Picture from Lecroisey C et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell "DYC-1, a protein functionally linked to dystrophin in Caenorhabditis elegans is ...."

Subcellular localization of DYC-1 protein in muscle cells. Immunofluorescence images of wild-type animals (A-F). (A, D) Dense body localization of the DEB-1/vinculin protein labeled with MH24 antibody (red). (B) Localization of the dyc-1:gfpX reporter gene (green, the signal is amplified with anti-GFP antibodies). (C) Merge of A and B. In the magnification of two dense bodies, the green GFP signal is seen at the edges of the red MH24 signal. (E) Localization of the DYC-1 protein labeled with purified anti-DYC-1 antibodies (green). (F) Merge of D and E with a magnification of two dense bodies. Note that as in C, the green (DYC-1) signal is located at the edges of dense bodies (red MH24 signal).

Picture from Lecroisey C et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell "DYC-1, a protein functionally linked to dystrophin in Caenorhabditis elegans is ...."

Figure 4. Subcellular localization of DYC-1 protein in muscle cells. Immunofluorescence images of wild-type animals (A-F) and dyc-1(cx32) mutants (G-I). (A, D, and G) Dense body localization of the DEB-1/vinculin protein labeled with MH24 antibody (red). (B) Localization of the dyc-1:gfpX reporter gene (green, the signal is amplified with anti-GFP antibodies). (C) Merge of A and B. In the magnification of two dense bodies, the green GFP signal is seen at the edges of the red MH24 signal. (E) Localization of the DYC-1 protein labeled with purified anti-DYC-1 antibodies (green). (F) Merge of D and E with a magnification of two dense bodies. Note that as in C, the green (DYC-1) signal is located at the edges of dense bodies (red MH24 signal). (H) dyc-1(cx32) mutants stained with anti-DYC-1 antibodies. No specific signal can be detected. (I) Merge of G and H with a detail of two dense bodies showing the absence of DYC-1 staining.

Picture from Lecroisey C et al. (2013) Mol Biol Cell "ZYX-1, the unique zyxin protein of Caenorhabditis elegans, is involved in ...."

FIGURE 5: Localization of ZYX-1-GFP and ZYX-1 proteins. (A-H) Confocal analysis using antibodies directed against GFP in transgenic worms carrying the pKG106 transgene (A-D) or against ZYX-1 in wild-type worms (E-H). ZYX-1-GFP and ZYX-1 are present in spermathecae (gray arrows in A and E; the worm is surrounded by a dotted line; scale bar, 100 um; B and F, scale bar, 10 um), in body-wall muscle cells (C and G, scale bar, 5 um) with a subcellular localization in the nucleus, at dense bodies (empty arrowheads) and M-lines (chevrons), and in nerve cells (D and H, scale bar, 5 um) in both cell bodies (filled arrows) and axons (filled arrowheads). In D and H the 'fire' artificial colors were used to enhance the differences of signal intensity between axons and cell bodies. The corresponding 'fire' scale shown on the right in D allows for the observation of the relative intensity of the artificial colors in D (GFP antibody) and H (ZYX-1 antibody). Note that the ZYX-1 antibody leads to an important background signal (E and H). (I) Immuno-electron microscopy analysis of body-wall muscle cells in a transgenic line carrying the pKG001 transgene using an antibody directed against GFP. In transversal sections of muscle cells, ZYX-1-GFP localizes at dense bodies (arrowheads) and nucleus (asterisks inside the dotted line highlighting the nuclear membrane). Mitoch, mitochondria. Inset, localization of ZYX-1-GFP along the M-line (chevrons). The anchoring site of the M-line is located between the two hashes, and the basal part of a dense body is indicated by arrowheads. Scale bar, 0.5 um for both images. (J-N) Confocal analysis of dense bodies in body-wall muscle cells in the same transgenic line as in A-D. (J, K) Schematic view of the method used to mount worms; lateral view in J, top view in K. Microbeads were used to prevent flattening of the worms. We focused on muscle cells oriented as schematically presented in L so as to obtain a lateral view of dense bodies. (M, N) Localization of ZYX-1-GFP within dense bodies. The ZYX-1-GFP fusion protein was detected with an antibody directed against GFP (green), and antibodies directed against ATN-1 (M) and DEB-1 (N) were used to detect these two major components of the dense bodies (red). As schematically represented in L, the orientation of the worm allows us to observe the dense bodies from their side and to locate ZYX-1-GFP (white arrowheads) with respect to ATN-1 and DEB-1 (white arrows). Scale bar, 5 um in M and N. Insets, schematic views of the green (ZYX-1-GFP) and red (ATN-1 or DEB-1) fluorescence on a dense body backbone in gray.

Picture from Lecroisey C et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell "DYC-1, a protein functionally linked to dystrophin in Caenorhabditis elegans is ...."

Figure 6. Subcellular localization of the ZYX-1 protein by reporter gene analysis. (A-H) Transgenic animals expressing a zyx-1:gfp construct. Body-wall muscles of animals labeled with anti-DEB-1 MH24 antibody (red in A and C) or anti-DYC-1 antibodies (red in D and F). (B and E) The muscle localization of the ZYX-1-GFP protein (green, the GFP signal was amplified with an anti-GFP antibody). ZYX-1-GFP localizes on dense bodies (arrowhead in B) and M-lines (arrow in B). (C and F) Merged images of A and B and of D and E, respectively, with details of two dense bodies. Note in C that the DEB-1 signal colocalizes with the ZYX-1-GFP signal on the dense body and in F that the DYC-1 signal is located at the edges of the ZYX-1-GFP labeling. (G) Localization of ZYX-1-GFP in the nucleus (arrowhead) of a body wall muscle cell. (H) Localization of ZYX-1-GFP in neurons (arrowheads).

Picture from Lecroisey C et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell "DYC-1, a protein functionally linked to dystrophin in Caenorhabditis elegans is ...."

Figure 3. Neuronal dyc-1 expression seen by reporter gene. Immunofluorescence images of wild-type animals carrying a dyc-1:gfpX transgene. Expression is detected in 10 neurons. A neuron cell body (SDQR) is visible in A (arrowhead). In A and B arrows indicate the punctate pattern along the axons.

Picture from Barriere A et al. (2012) PLoS Genet "Coevolution within and between regulatory loci can preserve promoter function ...."

Figure 1. The expression pattern of unc-47 is conserved despite divergent regulation. (A) Both C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters fused upstream of GFP in their endogenous trans-regulatory environments drive expression in all 26 GABAergic neurons (green). However, the C. briggsae promoter placed in the C. elegans trans environment additionally drives expression in SDQR and SDQL (blue). (B) Those cells were identified as SDQR/L based on their position and their characteristic projections. (C) For each combination of promoter and trans-regulatory environment, expression in SDQR and SDQL is presented. C. elegans is represented by straight lines, C. briggsae by wavy lines. Frequency of expression is represented by the width, and intensity of expression relative to D-type neurons by the height of black boxes. Number of individuals expressing and total number of individuals scored is indicated underneath. Measurements for independent strains are given in Figure S1. Differences in frequency of expression in SDQR are significant for all comparisons: C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in C. elegans trans environment (p = 8.1610212), C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in C. briggsae trans environment (p = 1.561028), C. elegans promoter in C. elegans and C. briggsae trans environments (p = 4.8610211), C. briggsae promoter in C. elegans and C. briggsae trans environments (p = 2.4610214). (D) Interpretation of the results presented in panel C. Both C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in their endogenous trans environments drive low levels of expression in SDQR and SDQL, while disruption of the endogenous interactions either drives high levels of expression (C. briggsae promoter in C. elegans) or abolishes expression (C. elegans promoter in C. briggsae).

Picture from Beaster-Jones L et al. (2004) J Mol Biol "DNA binding and in vivo function of C.elegans PEB-1 require a conserved FLYWCH ...."

Figure 2. Cb-PEB-1 and Ce-PEB-1 are expressed in similar pattern. Fluorescence micrographs of 1.5-fold stage C. briggsae (A) and C. elegans embryos (B) stained with C. elegans PEB-1 antibodies (anterior is left). Staining is most abundant in pharyngeal nuclei in both C. briggsae and C. elegans (brackets). Fainter staining is visible in hypodermal cells and the hindgut in C. elegans and C. briggsae, although all staining was generally weaker in C. briggsae.

Picture from Hao L et al. (2006) BMC Genomics "Comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns of hedgehog-related ...."

(C, C') Pgrl-2::GFP is expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells.

Picture from Barkoulas M et al. (2016) PLoS Genet "Evolution of New cis-Regulatory Motifs Required for Cell-Specific Gene ...."

(B-E) smFISH using a lin-3 probe in C. elegans N2 (data from [2]) (B), C. briggsae AF16 (C), C. angaria RGD1 (D) and O. tipulae CEW1 (E). Red arrow marks the position of the anchor cell.

Picture from Hobert O et al. (1999) J Cell Biol "A conserved LIM protein that affects muscular adherens junction integrity and ...."

(A-C): UNC-97::GFP localization in live worms at embryonic stage 300 min (A), 400 min (comma stage) (B), and 500 min (threefold pretzel stage) (C). (A'-C') Corresponding DIC micrographs. White arrows in C, a muscle nucleus and dense bodies, respectively. Note UNC-97::GFP localization to the periphery of nuclei in A-C.