Picture from Lamitina, Todd (2022) MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1. Characterization of a C. elegans G4C2 repeat model. A) Description of G4C2 expression clones and their expression products. Characteristics of these expression clones are listed above the G4C2 repeat domain. B) In situ hybridization to detect G4C2 -containing mRNA in muscle cell nuclei. Arrowheads point to examples of RNA foci, which were only observed in muscle cell nuclei (dashed circle). Scale bar = 1 micron. C) Quantification of the percentage of animals with observable RNA foci. The number above each bar represents the number of animals examined. **** - p<0.0001, Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction. D) Canonical translation or RAN translation was detected using GFP expression. Note in the '+ATG' lines how GFP expression transitions from soluble to puncta as the number of repeats increase. This is consistent with the production of a (Gly-Ala)x-GFP fusion protein with increasing number of repeats, which is known to form aggregates in C. elegans (Rudich et al. 2017). Without a start ATG, GFP expression is not observed until repeats ≥33, which fits the definition of RAN translation (Zu et al. 2011). All images were taken using identical exposure times. Scale bar = 100 microns. E) Quantification of RAN translated GFP. Data were normalized to the mean of the 5 repeat measurements. Graph shows the mean ± S.D. with individual data points shown. **-p<0.01, ***-p<0.001, ****-p<0.0001, One-way ANOVA with Welch test.

Picture from Barriere A et al. (2012) PLoS Genet "Coevolution within and between regulatory loci can preserve promoter function ...."

Figure 1. The expression pattern of unc-47 is conserved despite divergent regulation. (A) Both C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters fused upstream of GFP in their endogenous trans-regulatory environments drive expression in all 26 GABAergic neurons (green). However, the C. briggsae promoter placed in the C. elegans trans environment additionally drives expression in SDQR and SDQL (blue). (B) Those cells were identified as SDQR/L based on their position and their characteristic projections. (C) For each combination of promoter and trans-regulatory environment, expression in SDQR and SDQL is presented. C. elegans is represented by straight lines, C. briggsae by wavy lines. Frequency of expression is represented by the width, and intensity of expression relative to D-type neurons by the height of black boxes. Number of individuals expressing and total number of individuals scored is indicated underneath. Measurements for independent strains are given in Figure S1. Differences in frequency of expression in SDQR are significant for all comparisons: C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in C. elegans trans environment (p = 8.1610212), C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in C. briggsae trans environment (p = 1.561028), C. elegans promoter in C. elegans and C. briggsae trans environments (p = 4.8610211), C. briggsae promoter in C. elegans and C. briggsae trans environments (p = 2.4610214). (D) Interpretation of the results presented in panel C. Both C. elegans and C. briggsae promoters in their endogenous trans environments drive low levels of expression in SDQR and SDQL, while disruption of the endogenous interactions either drives high levels of expression (C. briggsae promoter in C. elegans) or abolishes expression (C. elegans promoter in C. briggsae).

Picture from Beaster-Jones L et al. (2004) J Mol Biol "DNA binding and in vivo function of C.elegans PEB-1 require a conserved FLYWCH ...."

Figure 2. Cb-PEB-1 and Ce-PEB-1 are expressed in similar pattern. Fluorescence micrographs of 1.5-fold stage C. briggsae (A) and C. elegans embryos (B) stained with C. elegans PEB-1 antibodies (anterior is left). Staining is most abundant in pharyngeal nuclei in both C. briggsae and C. elegans (brackets). Fainter staining is visible in hypodermal cells and the hindgut in C. elegans and C. briggsae, although all staining was generally weaker in C. briggsae.

Picture from Hao L et al. (2006) BMC Genomics "Comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns of hedgehog-related ...."

(C, C') Pgrl-2::GFP is expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells.

Picture from Barkoulas M et al. (2016) PLoS Genet "Evolution of New cis-Regulatory Motifs Required for Cell-Specific Gene ...."

(B-E) smFISH using a lin-3 probe in C. elegans N2 (data from [2]) (B), C. briggsae AF16 (C), C. angaria RGD1 (D) and O. tipulae CEW1 (E). Red arrow marks the position of the anchor cell.

Picture from Hobert O et al. (1999) J Cell Biol "A conserved LIM protein that affects muscular adherens junction integrity and ...."

(A-C): UNC-97::GFP localization in live worms at embryonic stage 300 min (A), 400 min (comma stage) (B), and 500 min (threefold pretzel stage) (C). (A'-C') Corresponding DIC micrographs. White arrows in C, a muscle nucleus and dense bodies, respectively. Note UNC-97::GFP localization to the periphery of nuclei in A-C.

Picture from Vazquez-Manrique RP et al. (2007) Genomics "The frataxin-encoding operon of Caenorhabditis elegans shows complex ...."

(a-c) Expression of F59G1.1::gfp in pharynx and gut (a), anal cells (b), and spermatheca (sph) (c).

Picture from Tsukamoto T et al. (2017) Genetics "LIN-41 and OMA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Mediate a Translational ...."

Figure 16 MEG-1 and SPN-4 are expressedat lower levels in oocytes and embryos inrnp-8; gld-3 double mutants. Paired DICand fluorescence images showing (A-Dand E-H) GFP::3xFLAG::MEG-1 expressionusing the meg-1(tn1724) edit and (I-L)SPN-4::GFP::3xFLAG expression using thespn-4(tn1699) edit in wild-type geneticbackgrounds or the rnp-8(tm2435); gld-3(q730) double null mutant background. (L)An arrowhead indicates an embryonic blastomere with multiple nuclei. (M) Quantification of SPN-4::GFP::3xFLAG fluorescencelevels (arbitrary units) in the 21 oocyte and+1 embryo in a wild-type genetic background or the rnp-8(tm2435); gld-3(q730)double null mutant background as indicated.An unpaired t-test with Welch's correctionfor unequal variance indicated *** P ,0.0001 for the comparisons. A similar levelof significance was also observed withoutthe Welch correction. The strains used in thisfigure are: DG4158, DG4363, DG4213, andDG4366. (A-D) Bar, 50 um. (E-L) Bar,20 um.

Picture from Cui Y et al. (2009) J Biol Chem "Cadmium induces retinoic acid signaling by regulating retinoic acid metabolic ...."

bcmo-1::GFP expression in post-embryonic C. elegans. Images of untreated C. elegans (A, C, and E). L1 (A) and L4 (C) larvae are at 400x and 200x magnification, respectively. Adult C. elegans (E) is a composite of images acquired at 200x magnification. Arrowhead, indicates the location of a bcmo-1::GFP expressing embryo in a gravid adult nematode.

Picture from Loria PM et al. (2003) Curr Biol "Two neuronal, nuclear-localized RNA binding proteins involved in synaptic ...."

(B and C) Expression of promoter fusions in embryos at the (B) 300-cell stage and in (C) L1 larvae.