Picture from Guan L et al. (2016) PLoS Genet "The Calponin Family Member CHDP-1 Interacts with Rac/CED-10 to Promote Cell ...."

Fig 2. chdp-1 functions cell-autonomously. (A) The C10G11.7 gene (chdp-1) encodes a single CH domain-containing protein. The molecular lesions in xd27 and tm4947 are indicated. P1 and P2: proline-rich regions. Helix: amphipathic helix. (B-C) Quantification of BDU (B) and PLM (C) cell protrusion size using Punc-86::Myr::GFP in wild type, chdp-1(xd27), chdp-1 (tm4947), and the corresponding chdp-1 rescuing strains. n=30. (D-E) chdp-1 gene expression in an embryo (D) and an adult animal (E) revealed by Pchdp-1::GFP. In the adult, the BDU and PLM cell bodies are boxed. (F) Rescue of the BDU-PLM disconnection phenotype by tissue-specific expression of chdp-1 using different promoters: Punc-53 in BDU; Pmec-7 in PLM; Pchdp-1 in both BDU and PLM cells; Phyp-7 in epidermal cells; Pmyo-3 in muscle cells. n=100. For all quantification analyses, error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM); ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; NS, not significant.

Picture from Norman KR et al. (2005) Cell "The Rho/Rac-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV-1 regulates ...."

Figure 1. C. elegans vav-1 Encodes a Vav-Family GEF that Is Expressed in Pharynx, Gonad, and Intestine. (A) Amino acid sequence of VAV-1. Conserved tyrosines that are characteristic of Vav proteins (Y183, Y200, and Y217) are indicated by asterisks. A conserved leucine in the DH domain that is essential for GEF function is indicated by a diamond.(B) Domain structure of VAV-1. CH, calponin homology; AD, acidic; DH, Dbl homology; PH, plekstrin homology; C1, protein kinase C conserved region 1; SH2, Src homology 2; SH3, Src homology 3.(C) Image of a wild-type animal.(D-H) Transgenic worms expressing in muscle VAV-1::GFP (D); VAV-1::GFP(Y217F) (E); VAV-1(Y3XF) (F); VAV-1(N-delta) (G); VAV-1(N-delta);L260Q (H). For all animals, anterior is to the right.(I) VAV-1::GFP expression in the pharynx. GFP is observed in the epidermal cells (EC), pharyngeal muscle (PM), neurons (N), and gland-cell body (GB) and process (GP).(J) VAV-1::GFP expression in the spermatheca (s) and the sheath cells of the proximal gonad (pg). Arrowheads indicate sheath cells.(K) VAV-1::GFP expression in the posterior intestine (int) and rectal epithelial cells (rep). The location of the anus is indicated (a).

Picture from Bauer Huang SL et al. (2007) Neural Dev "Left-right olfactory asymmetry results from antagonistic functions of ...."

Figure 2. olrn-1 encodes a protein with Raw repeats and potential transmembrane domains. (a) Genomic structure of olrn-1, showingalternative first exons for a and b isoforms, whose 5' ends are separated by 3.8 kb. (b) Translation of olrn-1, showing alternativefirst exons for olrn-1a and olrn-1b isoforms. Two short repeats shared with Drosophila Raw are highlighted in green withconserved residues in bold type; potential transmembrane domains are boxed. The location of the splice acceptor site (fourthexon) mutated in ut305 and the residue mutated in olrn-1(ky626) (G 473a/466b E) are marked. Arrow marks the carboxy-terminalinsertion site of Cherry in odr-3::olrn-1b::Ch (f). (c) Expression of olrn-1a::Cherry promoter fusion. Arrowhead indicatesCherry expression in AWC neuron expressing str-2::GFP. (d) Expression of olrn-1b::Cherry promoter fusion in non-neuronalcells. Arrows, hypodermal cells. The pharynx is a prominent site of expression. Arrowhead, no Cherry expression in AWCneuron expressing str-2::GFP. (e) Expression of amino-terminally tagged odr-3::Cherry::olrn-1b in an L4 olrn-1(ky626) animal. odr-3::Cherry::olrn-1b is excluded from the nucleus and is punctate in the axon and dendrite. (f) Expression of carboxy-terminallytagged odr-3::olrn-1b::Cherry in an L4 ky626 animal. odr-3::olrn-1b::Cherry is excluded from the nucleus, and is punctate in the axonand dendrite. Arrowheads, AWC cell bodies. Scale bars, 20 um. Images are stacked confocal images.

Picture from D'Alessandro M et al. (2015) Dev Cell "Amphiphysin 2 Orchestrates Nucleus Positioning and Shape by Linking the Nuclear ...."

Figure 3. Conserved Interaction of BIN1 andNesprin in C. elegans (A) Diagram displaying C. elegans (Ce) nesprin2homolog protein (ANC-1) and constructs. Ce ANC-1 contains two conserved CH motifs formingan ABD, a KASH NE-binding domain, and a central coiled-coil region containing numerous SRs (only the five-repeat-rich region is shown). Lysates from HEK293 cells transfected with Ce ABD+KASHFlag and Ce AMPH-1-Myc were immunoprecipitated using anti-Flag or anti-Myc antibodies. Ce ABD+KASH co-immunoprecipitates with Ce AMPH-1 and vice versa. Before developing theblot, the nitrocellulose membranes were cut right below the 50 kDa bands to avoid interference of IgG heavy chain bands. In the blot on the left, avertical line indicates that the IP-Myc lane was not adjacent to the other three lanes in the gel. The IgG lane also contains a molecular weight marker.IP, immunoprecipitation; WB, western blot; IgG, immunoglobulin G.(B) Endogenous Ce ANC-1 and Ce AMPH-1 localization in intestinal cells of wild-type young adult. A mask for the co-localization was created with the ImageJ software (right). (C) The fluorescence profiles of ANC-1 (green) andAMPH-1 (red) across the minor axis of the nucleus are shown. Co-localization of ANC-1 and AMPH-1 signals was estimated using the Pearson coefficient(r). 0 indicates a lack of co-localization, and 1 indicates complete co-localization; r = 0.90. (D) Multichannel 3D projection (z stack 3 um) ofthe nucleus displayed in (B). (E) Endogenous Ce AMPH-1 localization in intestinal cells of anc-1(e1753) young adult animal showing absence of perinuclear AMPH-1 compared to (B) in wild-type animals. DNA was stainedwith Hoechst. Scale bars, 10 um. See also Figure S3.

Picture from Schmidt KL et al. (2009) Development "The cell migration molecule UNC-53/NAV2 is linked to the ARP2/3 complex by ...."

Figure 1. Characterization of the long isoforms (UNC-53L) of unc-53. (A) Structure of the unc-53 gene. The start of the various UNC-53L and UNC-53S isoforms are indicated by arrows. The promoter for UNC-53SA is between exons 5 and 8, and the promoter for UNC-53SB is located between exons 8 and 13 (Choi and Newman, 2006; Stringham et al., 2002). 2.9 kb of DNA upstream of the transcriptional start site of UNC-53LA was used to construct punc-53L::gfp. Alternatively spliced exons are shown in pink. unc-53(n152) is a 319-bp deletion removing parts of exons 18 and 19, producing a stop codon in exon 20 (Stringham et al., 2002), and n166 is a single nucleotide C to T transition in exon 19 that introduces a premature stop codon. (B) The longest polypeptide, UNC-53LA, is 1654 amino acids and contains a calponin homology domain (CH, red; amino acids 11-109), two LKK motifs (LKK, purple; 114-133 and 1097-1116), two proline-rich SH3-binding motifs (SH3b, green; 487-495 and 537-545), two coiled-coil regions (CC, blue; 890-923 and 1078-1113) and an AAA domain (yellow; 1292-1425). n166 introduces a premature stop codon at amino acid 949. Both n152 and n166 remove the coiled-coil, LKK and AAA domains from all isoforms. The first five exons of UNC-53 (UNC-53N; amino acids 1-139) were used for the production of PAB-UNC-53N antisera and the GAL4 DNA-binding domain (GAL4DBD) in pVA200 for yeast two-hybrid studies. (C,D) Expression pattern using punc-53L::gfp. (C) Adult hermaphrodite (anterior is left), showing GFP expression in head (HNeu) and tail (TNeu) neurons, the excretory cell (EXc), and the ventral nerve cord (VC). (D) Midbody, showing expression in the sex myoblasts (SM) and the ventral cord (VC). (E,F) Expression pattern using PAb-UNC-53N antisera. (E) Expression of UNC-53L throughout the excretory cell and canals (EXc). (F) UNC-53L expression in a pair of coelomocytes (CC). Scale bars: 100μ m.

Picture from Govindan JA et al. (2006) Curr Biol "Galphao/i and Galphas signaling function in parallel with the MSP/Eph receptor ...."

Figure 3. Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of the VAB-1 Eph/MSP Receptor Pathway(A-C) MSP binds the VAB-1 ectodomain (VAB-1ECT).(A) VAB-1ECT with its endogenous signal peptide and V5 and 6-His epitope tags was expressed in 293F cells.(B) Western blot probed with V5 antibodies showing VAB-1ECT secretion into the culture medium.(C) In vitro interaction between MSP and VAB-1ECT. Purified MSP-142 (100 nM) was incubated with partially purified VAB-1ECT (14 nM), and the complex was isolated by immunopreciptation with MSP antibodies and protein-A Sepharose (lanes 1-4) or by Ni-NTA agarose (lanes 5-7).(D-K) Evidence that PQN-19, PKC-1, DAB-1, and VAV-1 function with the VAB-1 Eph/MSP receptor.(D) Organization of signaling domains in VAB-1 pathway proteins. PQN-19 contains VHS (VPS-27/Hrs/STAM), UIM (ubiquitin-interaction motif), and SH3 domains. PKC-1 contains C1, C2, kinase, and protein kinase C domains. DAB-1 contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. VAV-1 contains CH (calponin homology), C1, RhoGEF, SH2, and SH3 domains.(E) Measurement of oocyte meiotic maturation rates after dab-1, vav-1, pqn-19, pkc-1, or control RNAi in fog-2(q71), vab-1(dx31);fog-2(q71), or ceh-18(mg57);fog-2(q71) female genetic backgrounds. Each of the four genes synergize with ceh-18 but not vab-1. Error bars represent SD.(F-K) Fluorescence micrographs showing MAPK-YT staining (red) in oocytes.(F) In wild-type hermaphrodites, MSP-dependent MAPK-YT staining is observed in proximal oocytes (typically oocytes -1 through -3).(G) MAPK-YT staining is extended to three to eight proximal oocytes in vab-1(null) hermaphrodites, consistent with the idea that vab-1 is a negative regulator of meiotic maturation and MAPK activation in oocytes [7].(H-K) Similarly, dab-1(null) (H), pqn-19(null) (I), pkc-1(null) (J), and vav-1(RNAi) hermaphrodites (K) exhibit an extended MAPK-YT staining pattern similar to that of vab-1(null) hermaphrodites (G).(L-O) DAB-1 is expressed in oocytes. Western blot detection of DAB-1 (53 kDa) in the wild-type, but not dab-1(gk291) (L), hermaphrodites. Fluorescent detection of DAB-1 in oocytes from wild-type hermaphrodites (M) and fog-2(q71) females (N), but not dab-1(gk291) hermaphrodites (O). DAB-1 is cortically enriched when sperm are present.