Figure 3. Condensin I Localizes to Mitotic Chromosomes in a Pattern Distinct from Condensin IDC or Condensin II. DPY-27 antibody was used to indicate the subcellular localization of condesin IDC, anti-CAPG-1 to indicate both condensin I and condensin IDC, and anti-KLE-2 to indicate condensin II. Condensin IDC does not associate with mitotic chromosomes in early-stage hermaphrodite embryos (A) or in male embryos (D), but associates with the two hermaphrodite X chromosomes after the onset of dosage compensation, both during interphase (B) and during mitosis (C). CAPG-1 staining not shared by DPY-27 indicates that condensin I localizes to mitotic chromosomes in both hermaphrodites (E) and males (H). Once dosage compensation initiates in hermaphrodite embryos, CAPG-1 localizes to the X chromosomes in interphase, as part of condensin IDC (F). During mitosis, CAPG-1 localizes to two bright X foci (as part of condensin IDC) and less intensely to other chromosomes (as part of condensin I) (G). Condensin II shows no distinct pattern during interphase (J), and a centromere-like pattern on mitotic chromosomes in both hermaphrodites (I, K) and males (L). Antibody in green, DNA in red, merge in yellow.
Figure 4. Condensin I Localizes to Meiotic Chromosomes in a Pattern Distinct from Condensin IDC or Condensin II. (A) DPY-27 antibody was used to indicate the localization of condesin IDC, anti-CAPG-1 to indicate condensin I and condensin IDC, and anti-KLE-2 to indicate condensin II. DPY-27 was detected in the nucleoplasm of mature oocytes, but not at other stages of meiosis. CAPG-1 staining indicates that condensin I surrounds chromosomes in prophase then localizes to the interface between homologs (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (meiosis II). In contrast, KLE-2 staining indicates that condensin II localizes to the core of each sister chromatid. Antibody in green, DNA in red, merge in yellow.(B) MIX-1 localization is a hybrid of condensin I and condensin II patterns. MIX-1 (green) partially colocalizes with CAPG-1 (red, representing condensin I) on sperm chromosomes (blue). MIX-1 and CAPG-1 colocalize surrounding chromosomes in meiosis prophase I, between homologs in metaphase I, and between sisters at metaphase II (filled arrows). In addition, MIX-1 localizes to the chromosome core at each stage (open arrows), a pattern resembling condensin II and not shared by CAPG-1.
Expression pattern of C01H6.9 (haspin; G) as determined by promoter-GFP reporter constructs. (G) C01H6.9 expression is shown in one of the phasmid neurons, PHB.
Expression of MBOA-7::GFP in an early embryo (D and E) and a second-stage larva (F and G). Nomarski micrographs (D and F) and corresponding MBOA-7::GFP expression (E and G). MBOA-7::GFP was ubiquitously expressed throughout development. Asterisks indicate the anterior of the larva (F and G). Bar, 10 um (D and E) and 200 um (F and G).
(G and H) MNR-1 was only expressed in the hypodermis (H) and showed no obvious subcellular localization (G). Arrowhead in (H) indicates fluorescent labeling of the hypodermal cells.