Picture from Ao W et al. (2000) J Cell Biol "Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-45 is a component of muscle thick filaments and ...."

Figure 3. UNC-45 colocalizes with MHC B in the thick filaments of body wall muscles of wild-type adult worms. a, b, and c are the same field of body wall muscle labeled with anti-UNC-45 (7N5), anti-MHC B (DM 5-8), or double-labeled with 7N5 and DM 5-8, respectively. d, e, and f are the same field of body wall muscle labeled with 7N5, anti-MHC A (DM 5-6), or double-labeled with 7N5 and DM 5-6, respectively. g, h, and i are the same field of body wall muscle labeled with DM 5-8, DM 5-6, or double-labeled with DM 5-8 and DM 5-6, respectively. Note that DM 5-8 reacts with MHC B, which is localized on the two polar regions of the A-bands, and DM 5-6 reacts with MHC A, which is localized in the middle of the A-bands. c shows the overlapped pattern of UNC-45 and MHC B at the two polar regions of the thick filaments. f and i show a similar pattern with a central labeled strip when double-labeled with UNC-45 and DM 5-6, or DM 5-8 and DM 5-6, respectively. The arrows indicate the central unlabeled strip for UNC-45 (a and d) and for MHC B (b and g), the central unlabeled strip for double-staining (c) as shown in Fig. 4 B, panel b, and the central labeled strip for double-staining (f and i) in Fig. 4 B, panel c. Bars, 10 um.

Picture from Ikegami R et al. (2012) Curr Biol "Semaphorin and Eph receptor signaling guide a series of cell movements for ...."

Figure 4. vab-1 and plx-2 are Coexpressed in P9/10 and the Plexin Band (A-F) Fluorescence is from Pvab-1::venus(yfp) transcriptional reporter. Anterior is left unless stated otherwise. (A) Summary of vab-1 reporter expressing (yellow) cells. (B) Lateral view. vab-1 is expressed in V3, V4, and coexpressed with plx-2 in QV5 and P9/10. (C) Ventral view. vab-1 is expressed in the plexin band of single cell width on the ventral surface of the open pocket (bracket) prior to P cell migration. (D) Dorsal view. vab-1 is expressed in alternating, left side posterior epidermoblasts overlying the enclosing pocket. (E and F) Reconstructed three-dimensional ventral view (E) and crosssectional view (F) from a stack of confocal images of vab-1 expression during early pocket closure. False color was added to provide contrast. Differentially colored cell types are named except for the plexin band (blue), which is indicated by a bracket. (G-I) Anterior is up. Confocal images of the Pplx-2::cfp reporter showing the pocket bridge (bracket) in (G) in direct contact with the migratory leading end of P9/10 (closed arrowhead) of Pvab-1::venus in (H). Merged image in (I) shows plx-2 and vab-1 reporter expression overlaps in P9/10 (closed arrowhead) and the pocket bridge (bracket) with P9/10 migrating on the pocket bridge. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

Picture from Ikegami R et al. (2012) Curr Biol "Semaphorin and Eph receptor signaling guide a series of cell movements for ...."

Figure 1. Pocket Bridge Formation and Pocket Closure in the Wild-Type and in mab-20 and vab-1 Mutants (A) Schematic of epidermal pocket closure in minutes post-first cleavage (PFC) of the zygote. Ten plexin band cells span the open pocket. Cell births and movements were followed using Pplx-2::gfp. Plexin band cells of the same color are sisters. Rearrangement of plexin band cells during pocket closure is as photographed in (B). (B) Ventral view of the pocket region of a wild-type embryo with anterior at top right. The ventral midline (dashed line) and relative positions of expressing identified P cells (circles, closed circles are P9/10) and plexin expressing cells on the surface of the open ventral pocket (colored squares) are indicated. Developmental time at 20C is indicated in each frame. The approximate size of the open pocket (dashed circle) reflects the advance of P cell extension toward the midline. At 2900 PFC, Pplx-2::gfp is expressed in the P cells. At 3000- 3100 PFC, blast cells on the surface of the open pocket express Pplx-2::gfp. At 3200-3500 PFC, expressing blast cells divide and sister cells remain attached to form a contiguous band of plexin expressing cells (plexin band), which spans the open pocket (when sporadically expressing yellow cells of Figure S1 are included). The midline distal pairs (red and orange squares) form the pocket bridge by migrating toward the midline over intervening expressing scaffold cells (green, yellow, and blue squares). This rearrangement requires protrusions from the presumptive bridge cells that extend over scaffold cells toward the ventral midline in two stages (3300 open arrowhead) (see summary in Figure 2). P9/10 cell migration then occurs along the forming and mature pocket bridge. At 3900 PFC, P cell migration stops when opposing leading edges meet at the midline. At 4000 PFC, contralateral marginal cells align and suture and the embryo begins to elongate and turn. (C) Plexin band cells form a nearly contiguous band of cells by 3400 PFC in vab-1(dx31) null as well as in kinase dead embryos (data not shown). The nonsister cell gaps (left open arrowhead at 3200 ) are usually closed later by unknown mechanisms that might involve small filopodia- like projections (solid arrowhead at 3700 ). (D) Skewed P cell leading edges (see 3700 inset) were detected in two of five mab-20(ev574) mutant embryos examined. Scale bar in (B) for (B)-(D) represents 10 mm.

Picture from Bulow HE et al. (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A "Heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent induction of axon branching and axon ...."

Figure 1. The Kallmann syndrome gene kal-1 in C. elegans. (A) Schematic domain structure of the Kallmann syndrome proteins in humans (Hs), worms (Ce), and flies (Dm). Pairwise similarities of domains between proteins were calculated by aligning the domains as predicted by SMART. WAP, whey acidic protein domain; Fn(III), fibronectin III motif; SS, signal sequence. (B) Schematic drawing of the gene structure of C. elegans kal-1 (located on cosmid K03D10) and the transcriptional reporter fusion with green fluorescent protein (gfp) and the unc-54 3' untranslated region. (C) Expression pattern of the kal-1::gfp reporter construct in transgenic animals (otIs33IV).

Picture from Oh S et al. (2017) Biochem Biophys Res Commun "cdc-25.2, a Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of cdc25, is required for male tail ...."

(B-K) Live images of Pcdc-25.2::gfp somatic expression with corresponding DIC images in males.Arrows indicate Pcdc-25.2::gfp signals, which were detected in seam cells (B, C), pharyngeal muscles (PM) and neurons (D, E), ventral nerve cords (VNC) (F, G), body muscles (BM) and diagonal muscles (DM) (H, I), and hypodermis (hyp) in male tails (J, K). The Pcdc-25.2::gfp signals were observed at the L3 larval (B, C), adult (DeI), and the L4 larval (J, K) stagemales, respectively. L3 and L4 larval stage males were distinguished with retraction of tail tip. Scale bars, 20 um. Insets show magnified images of a seam cell (C, scale bar, 10 um),diagonal muscles (I, scale bar, 5 um), and hypodermis (K, scale bar, 2 um), respectively

Picture from Labella S et al. (2011) Dev Cell "Polo kinases establish links between meiotic chromosomes and cytoskeletal ...."

Figure 3. PLK-2 Colocalizes with the NE Bridge that Connects PCs with Cytoskeletal Forces Transition zone nuclei stained with PLK-2 (green) and (A and B) the NE components ZYG-12 or SUN-1 (red) and (C and D) the PC components HIM-8 and ZIM-3 (red). (A) PLK-2 and ZYG-12 colocalize into an NE patch (arrow). (B) PLK-2 colocalizes with SUN-1 into the NE-associated patches (arrows). (C and D) PLK-2 colocalizes with the PC proteins HIM-8 (marking the X chromosome PC) and ZIM-3 (marking the PCs of chromosomes I and IV) into NE patches; remaining PLK-2 signals presumably mark the PCs of chromosomes II, III, and V. Scale bars, 5 um.

Picture from Magner DB et al. (2013) Cell Metab "The NHR-8 nuclear receptor regulates cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in C. ...."

Figure 1. NHR-8 Structure and Expression (A) Phylogenetic relationship of NHR-8 to other mammalian, Drosophila, and C. elegans nuclear receptors based on amino acid sequence of the entire proteins as determined by maximum likelihood from aligned sequences. (B) Location of the DNA-binding domain (DBD), ligand-binding domain (LBD), and deletion coordinates of alleles in both transcripts of nhr-8 (F33D4.1a and F33D4.1b). (C and D) Amino acid sequence alignment of the DBDs and LBDs of C. elegans NHR-8 and DAF-12 and the NHR-8 homolog from the pathogenic nematode Brugia malayi. (E) NHR-8 fused to GFP is expressed in the intestinal cells and localized primarily in the nucleus. Animals shown are at the L3 larval stage. Abbreviations are as follows: Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce), Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), Homo sapiens (Hs), Mus musculus (Mm), Brugia malayi (Bm). Scale bar, 20 um.

Picture from Cha DS et al. (2012) Gene Expr Patterns "Differential subcellular localization of DNA topoisomerase-1 isoforms and ...."

Fig. 1. Subcellular localization and function of top-1 isoforms in C. elegans embryos. (A) TOP-1 isoforms and location of peptides used to generate TOP-1a and TOP-1b antibodies (See Section 2). The subcellular localization of TOP-1b (B-D) and TOP-1a (E-G) in embryos. Dashed line in B indicates the boundary of gut cells. Centrosomes (green) and dividing chromosomes (Blue) were merged in inset of E. (H-M) top-1RNAi phenotypes in embryos. (H) Schematics of two top-1 mRNA isoforms. The region targeted with top-1dsRNA is indicated by thick bar below. RNAi experiments were started in the L4 larval stage and phenotypes were analyzed in the F1 progeny. (I) Embryonic lethality of top-1RNAi.CI, confidence interval in number of germ cells from average. n, number of embryos counted for embryonic lethal phenotype. (J-M) Chromosomal segregation defects. Chromosomes were stained with DAPI and observed by fluorescence microscopy. (J) Wild-type embryo. (K-M) top-1 (RNAi) embryos show chromosomal defects such as chromosomal fragmentation (arrowheads in K), chromosomal bridge (arrowhead in L) and endoreplication (M).

Picture from Ikegami R et al. (2012) Curr Biol "Semaphorin and Eph receptor signaling guide a series of cell movements for ...."

Figure 3. PLX-2 Is Expressed in the Plexin Band and P Cells Undergoing Pocket Closure Fluorescence is from Pplx-2::PLX-2::GFP translational reporter. Anterior is to the left. (A) Summary of plx-2 reporter expressing (green) cells. (B) Lateral view at the beginning of pocket closure. PLX-2::GFP is expressed in a subset of P cells at the margin of the open pocket. (C) Ventral view at the onset of pocket closure showing PLX-2::GFPexpressing plexin band cells (bracket). (D) Ventral view showing a confocal section of the ventral pocket. PLX-2::GFP is enriched at the leading end and filopodial-like tips of migrating P cells (solid arrowheads). Before the onset of pocket closure, P5/6 tips contact the plexin band (left arrowhead, inset) as do extensions from P9/10 (right arrowhead, inset). (E) Ventral view showing the assembling bridge (bracket) and PLX-2::GFPenriched P cell tips (also see inset). (F) Ventral view showing PLX-2::GFP-enriched P cell tips (inset) as they meet at the ventral midline. Scale bar represents 10 um.

Picture from Raich WB et al. (1998) Mol Biol Cell "Cytokinesis and midzone microtubule organization in Caenorhabditis elegans ...."

Figure 5. ZEN-4 localization is cell cycle dependent. Embryos are coimmunostained with ZEN-4N to label ZEN-4 (red) and N357 (green) to label the microtubules. Anterior is to the left in all panels. (A) ZEN-4 staining in a two-cell embryo. (B) Tubulin staining in the same embryo shown in panel A. (C) Combined images of panels A and B, showing the overlapping pattern in yellow. ZEN-4N strongly stains the midbody remnant from the first cell division (white arrow), and expression can also be seen at the periphery of the chromosomes in the more posterior cell and in the central region of the midzone in the anterior anaphase cell (white arrowhead). The chromatin can be seen as the black region of the spindle, which excludes both antibodies (white caret). (D) ZEN-4 staining in the midbody of a dividing cell. (E) Tubulin staining of the same embryo shown in panel D. (F) Overlay of panels D and E, showing that ZEN-4 colocalizes with the midzone microtubules at the cytoplasmic bridge between daughter cells.