Picture from Barr MM et al. (2001) Curr Biol "The Caenorhabditis elegans autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene ...."

Figure 1. Functional PKD-2::GFP4 localization is in cilia and intracellular membranes. Cell bodies (arrowheads) and cilia (thick arrows) are indicated. The adult male tail drawing is reproduced from [16] and depicts the typical arrangement of neuronal cell body nuclei on the left side. In the fan, rays are numbered 1-9, anterior to posterior. (a-f)pkd-2(sy606Δ) transgenic lines rescued by Ex[pkd-2(+)::gfp4] show ciliary localization in CEMs ([a] DIC, [b] fluorescence), rays ([c] DIC, [d] fluorescence), and hook (not shown). (c,d) The cilia of rays 3, 5, and 7 are indicated by arrows. By changing focus, other ray cilia would be visible in different planes. The HOB hook neuron expresses pkd-2::gfp4 ([e] DIC, [f] fluorescence). Expression in neuronal cell bodies is cytoplasmic and nonnuclear ([b] CEM cell body, [f] HOB cell body). The posterior tip of the (d,d') fan and (f) hook structure autofluoresce (indicated by concave arrows). (a'-d') A pkd-2(sy606Δ) transgenic line that is not rescued by Ex[pkd-2(+)::gfp4] shows uniform GFP distribution throughout the dendrites, cell bodies (nuclear staining observed), and axons (out of plane of focus). (a',b') CEM cell body and dendrite localization is observed as well as non-sex-, non-stage-specific nerve ring expression. (c',d') Ray cell bodies and dendrites are visible; no ciliary localization is observed. Standard epifluorescence and Nomarski microscopy was used for obtaining images. The scale bar denotes 20 μm.

Picture from Barr MM et al. (2001) Curr Biol "The Caenorhabditis elegans autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene ...."

Figure 2. anti-PKD-2 antibodies label only male-specific sensory neurons. Cell bodies (arrowheads), axons (thin arrows), and cilia (thick arrows) are indicated. (a) Based on cell body positions (arrowheads), the ray neurons (except Ray 6) and HOB neuron are labeled. There is a total of 17 cells. (b) Male-specific CEM head neurons. Intentional overexposure of panel (b) allowed visualization of the entire CEM neuron, from the cilia, dendrite, and cell body to the axon. (c) Cilia of CEMs. (d) Cell bodies and axons of CEMs. Note that cytoplasmic, nonnuclear cell body staining is punctate, which is perhaps indicative of intracellular membrane localization. Confocal microscopy and stacking of serial sections was used for image generation.

Picture from Barr MM et al. (2001) Curr Biol "The Caenorhabditis elegans autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene ...."

Functional PKD-2::GFP4 localization is in cilia and intracellular membranes. Cell bodies (arrowheads) and cilia (thick arrows) are indicated. The adult male tail drawing is reproduced from [16] and depicts the typical arrangement of neuronal cell body nuclei on the left side. In the fan, rays are numbered 1-9, anterior to posterior. (a-f)pkd-2(sy606delta) transgenic lines rescued by Ex[pkd-2(+)::gfp4] show ciliary localization in CEMs ([a] DIC, [b] fluorescence), rays ([c] DIC, [d] fluorescence), and hook (not shown). (c,d) The cilia of rays 3, 5, and 7 are indicated by arrows. By changing focus, other ray cilia would be visible in different planes. The HOB hook neuron expresses pkd-2::gfp4 ([e] DIC, [f] fluorescence). Expression in neuronal cell bodies is cytoplasmic and nonnuclear ([b] CEM cell body, [f] HOB cell body). The posterior tip of the (d) fan and (f) hook structure autofluoresce (indicated by concave arrows). Standard epifluorescence and Nomarski microscopy was used for obtaining images. The scale bar denotes 20 μm.

Picture from Whittaker A et al. (2017) MicroPubl Biol "A new mutation with a polycystin phenotypic spectrum in Caenorhabditis ...."

lov-1 and pkd-2, which encode the C. elegans orthologs of human polycystin-1 and -2, are necessary for three particular aspects of male mating behavior. In a screen for male mating defective mutants with similar spectrum of mating defects, we identified a mutation that apparently defines a new locus, lov-3. We isolated the sy682 mutation in an ethyl-methane sulphonate (EMS)-screen of Caenorhabditis elegans strain PS1395 [genotype: plg-1(e2001d); him-5(e1490)] for mutant males that do not mate efficiently and hence do not form plugs on hermaphrodites (Liu et al, 2017). sy682 is defective in the males' response to contact with hermaphrodite and in vulval location (Table 1). The vulval location defect is failing to stop at the vulva. These two phenotypes are associated with lov-1 (Barr, 1999) and pkd-2 loss-of-function mutations (Barr et al. 2001; Whittaker et al., 2017). sy682 maps to the X chromosome and thus is distinct from lov-1 and pkd-2, so it defines a likely new locus, lov-3.

Picture from Whittaker A et al. (2017) MicroPubl Biol "sy680 is a novel allele of pkd-2"

The C. elegans ortholog of polcystin-2 is encoded by pkd-2 (Barr et al., 2001). From an EMS screen of a plg-1; him-5 strain for male mating defective mutants and a secondary behavioral screen for defects in discrete steps of male mating behavior, namely response to contact to hermaphrodites and vulval location (for described in Schindelman et al., 2006), we identified a new allele of pkd-2 based on mapping and complementation. sy680 fails to complement pkd-2(sy606) for defects in response to contact with hermaphrodite and vulval location. Here we report the sequence of this allele. PCR amplification and sequencing of pkd-2 exons indicated that there was a c-->t transition in the transcribed DNA strand (g-->a in the pkd-2 sense strand; Figure 1A). This change leads to an altered codon, a Glycine to Arginine substitution the PKD-2 protein. This position corresponds to A615 of the human protein (Figure 1B).

Picture from Jedrusik MA et al. (2002) J Cell Sci "A novel linker histone-like protein is associated with cytoplasmic filaments in ...."

Fig. 7. Embryonic expression and subnuclear localization of H1.X. (A,B) show H1.X::GFP fluorescence detection in a few cells in the periphery of a >100-cell stage embryos. In (A), a fixed specimen shows a shallow fluorescence of the nucleoplasm and bright fluorescence of the nucleoli, whereas in (B), a live observation shows a shallow fluorescence in the cytoplasm and a bright fluorescence of the nucleoplasm. The brightest spots in the nucleoplasm correspond to the nucleoli. Bars, 20 μm.

Picture from Chen F et al. (2000) Science "Translocation of C. elegans CED-4 to nuclear membranes during programmed cell ...."

(A) CED-9 expression in a WT embryo of ~30 to 50 cells. (B) Mitotracker Red localization in the same embryo as in (A). (C) Merged image of (A) and (B).

Picture from van Wolfswinkel JC et al. (2009) Cell "CDE-1 affects chromosome segregation through uridylation of CSR-1-bound ...."

ISH of whole mount and extruded gonads with a probe antisense to cde-1. A sense probe was used as a control.

Picture from Zhang S et al. (2004) Curr Biol "MEC-2 is recruited to the putative mechanosensory complex in C. elegans touch ...."

(A) MEC-2 and UNC-24::GFP puncta colocalize in a PLM process.

Picture from Kritikou EA et al. (2006) Genes Dev "C. elegans GLA-3 is a novel component of the MAP kinase MPK-1 signaling pathway ...."

(A) A Northern blot of total RNA isolated from synchronized wild-type animals was probed with a gla-3 cDNA as described in Materials and Methods. Beta-Tubulin was used as a loading control.