Picture from Cazares-Navarro, Enrique et al. MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1.: Agarose gel electrophoresis genotype analysis of some of the AF16-HK105 AI-RIL at the cb-m127 indel marker. Six AI-RIL genomic DNA templates (FV###) and control templates (positive: AF16 and HK105 genomic DNA samples; negative: water) were PCR amplified and then electrophoresed. For quality control purposes, the other six AI-RIL templates shown were amplified in duplicate. The AF16 control amplicon is ~600 bp in size; the HK105 control amplicon is ~900 bp in size, as predicted by (Koboldt et al. 2010). M: 1 kb ladder (Promega, G5711).

Picture from Nehrke K et al. (2002) J Biol Chem "The NHX family of Na+-H+ exchangers in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Q and R, the nhx-9 promoter drove GFP expression in the excretory cell (ec) as well as in the phasmid sensory organs in the tail (phm) and the posterior intestine (int; AI and AJ).

Picture from Lynch AM et al. (2012) Curr Biol "A genome-wide functional screen shows MAGI-1 is an L1CAM-dependent stabilizer ...."

Figure S1. MAGI-1 Localizes to a Unique Junctional Domain and Helps Regulate Enclosure, Related to Figure 3. Wild type embryos immunostained for HMP-2, MAGI-1, and AJM-1 (A), JAC-1::GFP and MAGI-1 (B), and MAGI-1 and AJM-1 (C). Junctions were examined using Volocity (A, Bi) and ImageJ (Ci). MAGI-1 does not primarily colocalize with the cadherin-catenin complex (CCC), or the DLG-1/AJM-1 complex (DAC), but rather resides between them, although there is some overlap between MAGI-1 and the CCC. A, B, C scale bar = 10m. Ai-iv, Bi, Ci scale bar = 0.5m. (D) Schematic of the C. elegans apical junction to include MAGI-1.

Picture from Bertrand V et al. (2009) Dev Cell "Linking asymmetric cell division to the terminal differentiation program of ...."

Figure 2. Sequential Activation of ref-2, ttx-3, ceh-10, and the AIY Motif. (A) Expression pattern of a ref-2::venus rescuing translational fusion gene, observed with the transgenic array otEx3091. (Ai-Ai'') Expression in the SMDD/AIY mother (SMDD/AIYm) at the end of gastrulation (ventral view anterior is left, scale bar = 10 um, scheme adapted from Sulston et al. [1983]). (Aii) Expression of REF-2::VENUS in the SMDD/AIY lineage (marked by ttx-3promB::mcherry, otIs181) before (interphase), during (mitosis), and after (postmitosis) cleavage of the SMDD/AIY mother (scale bar = 2 um). (Aiii and Aiii') Expression in the excretory pore cell (Exc pore) and excretory gland (Exc gld) at L2 larval stage (lateral view, anterior is left, dorsal is up, scale bar = 10 um). (Aiv) Expression in the P, Y, and B cells at L1 larval stage (lateral view, anterior is left, dorsal is up, scale bar = 20 um).(B) Comparison of the expression of ttx-3 (ttx-3promB::gfp, mgIs18 or ttx-3promB::mcherry, otEx2644), ceh-10 (ceh-10promA::gfp, lqIs4), and the AIY motif (AIY motif::gfp, otEx1597) at the end of gastrulation (End gast., ventral view, anterior is left), 1.5-fold, and 3-fold (lateral view, anterior is left). At 1.5-fold, the ttx-3 and ceh-10 pictures show colocalization of ttx-3promB::mcherry and ceh-10promA::gfp expression in AIY in the same embryo (scale bar = 10 um).

Picture from Bertrand V et al. (2009) Dev Cell "Linking asymmetric cell division to the terminal differentiation program of ...."

(A) Expression pattern of a ref-2::venus rescuing translational fusion gene, observed with the transgenic array otEx3091. (A-Ai'') Expression in the SMDD/AIY mother (SMDD/AIYm) at the end of gastrulation (ventral view anterior is left, scale bar = 10 um, scheme adapted from Sulston et al. [1983]). (Aii) Expression of REF-2::VENUS in the SMDD/AIY lineage (marked by ttx-3promB::mcherry, otIs181) before (interphase), during (mitosis), and after (postmitosis) cleavage of the SMDD/AIY mother (scale bar = 2 um). (Aiii and Aiii') Expression in the excretory pore cell (Exc pore) and excretory gland (Exc gld) at L2 larval stage (lateral view, anterior is left, dorsal is up, scale bar = 10 um). (Aiv) Expression in the P, Y, and B cells at L1 larval stage (lateral view, anterior is left, dorsal is up, scale bar = 20 um).

Picture from Yan X et al. (2006) J Gen Physiol "Function of a STIM1 homologue in C. elegans: evidence that store-operated Ca2+ ...."

Figure 2. STIM-1::GFP expression pattern. (A) Low magnification confocal image of a whole worm. STIM-1::GFP expression is present throughout the intestine, but is more pronounced in the anterior (AI) and posterior intestine (PI). Expression is also present in the spermatheca (Sp) and gonadal sheath cells (SC). Bar, 100 um. (B) Expression of STIM-1::GFP in head neurons. Arrows and arrowheads point to cell bodies and dendrites, respectively. Bar, 20 um. (C) Series of confocal Z-sections through the anterior intestine. STIM-1::GFP appears to be localized to a membrane or submembrane region as well as punctate and presumably intracellular domains. Lu, intestinal lumen. Bar, 20 um. (D) Series of confocal Z-sections through the posterior intestine. STIM-1::GFP appears to be localized to a membrane and/or submembrane region and a prominent intracellular reticular structure that resembles the intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (Rolls et al., 2002). Bar, 10 um. (E) Series of confocal Z-sections through the spermatheca (Sp) and gonadal sheath cells (SC). Punctate localization pattern of STIM-1::GFP can be seen in sheath cells in the second and third panels. Bar, 10 um.

Picture from Tamas I et al. (2005) BMC Genomics "A combined approach exploring gene function based on worm-human ...."

Figure 3. C17E4.3::GFP reporter expression. Present in the head and tail regions of larval stages. Panel Ai shows an overview of an L1 animal, with distinct cells near the anterior pharyngeal bulb as well as in the tail. Close up of the head reveals GFP expressing cells (Panel Bii), including muscle cells located in the posterior pharyngeal bulb (Panel Biv, labeled 'p'). Sheath/socket cells located at the anterior pharyngeal bulb are indicated in panels Biv, Dii and Diii. Dye-filling tests (see Materials and Methods) to stain sensory amphid (head) and phasmid (tail) neurons are shown in panels C and D. The amphids are specifically visualized in panel Civ (red fluorescence), and under an FITC filter in Ciii (yellow fluorescence, not in nucleus) and green with an EGFP filter, and are not the same as the cells expressing the C17E4.3::GFP reporter (arrow in panels Cii and Ciii). In the tail, phasmids (labeled 'ph') are clearly seen in panel Div just below the anus (cl), but are not expressing GFP, which is instead present in several hypodermal cells (arrow panel Diii). Scale bar represent 10 um.

Picture from Ellis, Renae et al. MicroPubl Biol

Figure 1. Variation between nematodes in a multi-sensory behavioral assay: Different nematode species show distinct food leaving rates during exposure to Repulsive cues: A-H A) Schematic of behavioral assay used to examine 2-nonanone-dependent food leaving (See methods section), B) Wild type N2 Caenorbabditis elegans vs Caenorhabditis nouraguensis examined for 2-nonanone-dependent food leaving, (n=5). Wild type N2 C. elegans (Black line), C. nouraguensis, (Red line), n.s=not statistically different, C) Wild type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis portoensis were examined for 2-nonanone-dependent food leaving (n=6). Wild type N2 C. elegans, (Black line), C. portoensis, (Red line), D) Wild type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans vs Caenorhabditis remanei were examined for 2-nonanone-dependent food leaving (n=6). Wild type N2 C. elegans, (Black line), C. remanei, (Blue line), E-F) Caenorhabditis portoensis (slow leavers) and Caenorhabditis remanei (fast leavers) show same food leaving behavior in response to a second repellent, undiluted benzaldehyde (n=3 and, n=4, respectively). Wild type N2 C. elegans, (Black line), C. portoensis, (Red line), and wild type N2 C. elegans, (Black line), C. remanei, (Blue line), G) Caenorhabditis remanei shows fast food leaving behavior during exposure to 2-nonanone while residing on a Bacillus megaterium food patch (n=3). Wild type N2 C. elegans, (Black line), C. remanei, (Blue line), H) Caenorhabditis remanei shows normal sensitivity to 2-nonanone in the absence of food suggesting normal 2-nonanone repellent sensitivity (n=3). Y-axis=Mean avoidance Index (AI) vs X-axis=Time (minutes). Mean +/- SEM, Student's t-test, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001. For all assays, n=number of days tested, n.s=not statistically significant when comparing wild type N2 C. elegans to other Caenorhabditis strains tested in this study. All worms were examined using the same method when in the case of changing food types (Bacillus megaterium) or varying volatile chemicals used (2-nonanone (100%)/Benzaldehyde (100%). All Caenorhabditis species were examined in comparison to wild type N2 C. elegans as a control in identical behavioral assay conditions.

Picture from Nehrke K et al. (2002) J Biol Chem "The NHX family of Na+-H+ exchangers in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Figure 2. GFP expression driven by 4-kb nhx gene promoter fragments in transgenic nematodes.Representative fluorescent and the corresponding differential interference contrast photomicrographs are shown side by side for transgenic lines expressing GFP from 4-kb promoter fragments from the nhx gene family. A-H, transgenic C. elegans expressing nhx-1, -2, -7, and-6::GFP, respectively, in the intestine (int). nhx-1 and-2::GFP are expressed throughout the length of the intestine, whereas nhx-7::GFP is expressed only in the most posterior cells; nhx-6::GFP is expressed most strongly in posterior intestinal cells, with a graded level of expression that weakens moving anteriorly then strengthens again in the most anterior cells. The direction that the nematodes are facing is indicated in the differential interference contrast view by an arrow. I and J, nhx-3:: GFP expression in hypodermal cells (hyp). Strong expression of nhx-3::GFP was also observed in the spermathecal junction cells (sjc) and ut1 cells of the uterus (ut) in adult animals (U and V). K and L, strong nhx-4::GFP expression was observed in the nerve ring and retrovesicular ganglia and hypodermal cells associated with the intestinal tract and rectum, but varying levels of expression were observed in all cells of the body (data not shown). Mosaic animals are shown that express nhx-4::GFP in hypodermal cells (hyp) and neurons of an L1 larvae (W and X), the distal tip cell (dtc; Y and Z), and pharyngeal neurons (phx; AA and AB). The nhx-4 promoter drives GFP expression in all of the neurons of the worm (M and N) as well as in the excretory cell (ec; AC and AD), and the ppar and ppal cells of the vulva (vul; AE and AF). AG and AH, a more detailed view of nhx-4::GFP expression in the pharyngeal neurons (phx). O and P, transgenic nematodes expressing nhx-8::GFP in the lateral seam cells (sc). Q and R, the nhx-9 promoter drove GFP expression in the excretory cell (ec) as well as in the phasmid sensory organs in the tail (phm) and the posterior intestine (int; AI and AJ).

Picture from McMahon L et al. (2001) J Cell Sci "Assembly of C. elegans apical junctions involves positioning and compaction by ...."

Figure 2. DLG-1, a member of the MAGUK family of proteins, is localised at the subapical membrane of epithelial cells. (Ai) The genomic structure of the dlg-1 gene is shown underneath the scale bar, which corresponds to the coordinates in cosmid C25F6. White boxes correspond to the 12 coding exons and grey boxes at either end of the gene to the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR), respectively. Note that the ATG is 291 nucleotides downstream of the previous ACeDB prediction, that exon 12 is 86 nucleotides longer at the 5'end than the previous ACeDB prediction, and that the stop site is 766 nucleotides upstream of the previous ACeDB prediction. Large black arrows show the localisation of primers used to generate a long-range PCR product that was tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA. Arrowheads and small arrows show the localisation of T3-tagged primers used to generate dsRNA, against coding and 3'UTR sequence, respectively, for RNA interference (RNAi). (Aii) Schematic structure of the C. elegans DLG-1 protein and homologous proteins, Drosophila Lethal(1)Discs Large (accession no: P31007) and human presynaptic protein hDlg/SAP97 (accession no: NP_004078). Each protein possesses three PDZ domains (red boxes), 1 SH3 (green box) and 1 GUK (blue box) domain; percentages of amino acid identity/similarity between the individual domains of DLG-1 and its homologues are shown above each domain. The vertical black arrowhead indicates the position of GFP fusion. (B,C) Fluorescence and Nomarski views of uninjected and dlg-1(RNAi) dlg-1::gfp transgenic embryos demonstrating the strong reduction in DLG-1::GFP expression after injection with dsRNA against dlg-1. Both fluorescent images were taken using the same exposure time (1 second) after 8 hours of development. Confocal images showing an external (D) and internal (E) focal plane of a 1.5-fold dlg-1::gfp transgenic embryo after immunostaining with anti-GFP antibody. Weak background fluorescence could often be seen around the pharyngeal lumen and rectum (arrowheads in E; these expressing cells have not been identified). (F-H) GFP fluorescence of a young dlg-1::gfp transgenic adult showing expression in epithelial cells of the pharynx (arrow in F), intestine (arrowhead in F and large arrow in H), vulva (large arrow in G), uterus (arrowheads in G), spermatheca (long arrows in G), rectum (long arrow in H) and epidermis (arrowhead in H). Scale bars, 50 um (B,C,F-H); 10 um (D,E).