Hoareau M et al. (2023) Bioessays "DREAM a little dREAM of DRM: Model organisms and conservation of DREAM-like complexes: Model organisms uncover the mechanisms of DREAM-mediated transcription regulation."

Gaumer S, Hoareau M, Gué\;nal I, Rincheval-Arnold A

[Bioessays, 2023]

DREAM complexes are transcriptional regulators that control the expression of hundreds to thousands of target genes involved in the cell cycle, quiescence, differentiation, and apoptosis. These complexes contain many subunits that can vary according to the considered target genes. Depending on their composition and the nature of the partners they recruit, DREAM complexes control gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, transcription cofactor and factor recruitment at various genomic binding sites. This complexity is particularly high in mammals. Since the discovery of the first dREAM complex (drosophila Rb, E2F, and Myb) in Drosophila melanogaster, model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, and plants allowed a deeper understanding of the processes regulated by DREAM-like complexes. Here, we review the conservation of these complexes. We discuss the contribution of model organisms to the study of DREAM-mediated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and their relevance in characterizing novel activities of DREAM complexes.

Diet A et al. (2024) Nutrients "Exploring the Impact of French Raw-Milk Cheeses on Oxidative Process Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Human Leukocyte Models."

Saunier E, Coelho C, Rios L, Chalard P, Priam J, Decombat C, Bonnet M, Poix C, Bornes S, Diet A, Caldefie-Chezet F, Ripoche I

[Nutrients, 2024]

Fermented foods, including cheeses, have garnered increased interest in recent years for their potential health benefits. This study explores the biological properties of eight French raw-milk cheeses-goat cheese, Saint-Nectaire, Cantal, Bleu d'Auvergne, Roquefort, Comt&#xe9;, Brie de Meaux, and Epoisses-on oxidative processes using both in vivo (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>) and in vitro (human leukocytes) models. A cheese fractionation protocol was adapted to study four fractions for each cheese: a freeze-dried fraction (FDC) corresponding to whole cheese, an apolar (ApE), and two polar extracts (W40 and W70). We showed that all cheese fractions significantly improved <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) survival rates when exposed to oxidative conditions by up to five times compared to the control, regardless of the fractionation protocol and the cheese type. They were also all able to reduce the in vivo accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up to 70% under oxidative conditions, thereby safeguarding <i>C. elegans</i> from oxidative damage. These beneficial effects were explained by a reduction in ROS production up to 50% in vitro in human leukocytes and overexpression of antioxidant factor-encoding genes (<i>daf-16</i>, <i>skn-1</i>, <i>ctl-2</i>, and <i>sod-3</i>) in <i>C. elegans</i>.

Halic M et al. (2009) Mol Cell "22G-RNAs in transposon silencing and centromere function."

Moazed D, Halic M

[Mol Cell, 2009]

Three recent papers (Gu et al., 2009; Claycomb et al., 2009; van Wolfswinkel et al., 2009) provide evidence that links a new class of small RNAs and Argonaute-associated complexes to centromere function and genome surveillance.

Souza ACR et al. (2018) Genes (Basel) "Pathogenesis of the Candida parapsilosis Complex in the Model Host Caenorhabditis elegans."

Colombo AL, Fuchs BB, Jayamani E, Mylonakis E, Souza ACR, Alves VS

[Genes (Basel), 2018]

<i>Caenorhabditis</i><i>elegans</i> is a valuable tool as an infection model toward the study of <i>Candida</i> species. In this work, we endeavored to develop a <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>-<i>Candida</i><i>parapsilosis</i> infection model by using the fungi as a food source. Three species of the C. parapsilosis complex (<i>C.</i><i>parapsilosis</i> (<i>sensu</i><i>stricto</i>), <i>Candida</i><i>orthopsilosis</i> and <i>Candida</i><i>metapsilosis</i>) caused infection resulting in <i>C. elegans</i> killing. All three strains that comprised the complex significantly diminished the nematode lifespan, indicating the virulence of the pathogens against the host. The infection process included invasion of the intestine and vulva which resulted in organ protrusion and hyphae formation. Importantly, hyphae formation at the vulva opening was not previously reported in <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>-<i>Candida</i> infections. Fungal infected worms in the liquid assay were susceptible to fluconazole and caspofungin and could be found to mount an immune response mediated through increased expression of <i>cnc</i>-<i>4</i>, <i>cnc</i>-<i>7</i>, and <i>fipr</i><i>-</i><i>22</i>/<i>23</i>. Overall, the <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>-<i>C</i>. <i>parapsilosis</i> infection model can be used to model <i>C</i>. <i>parapsilosis</i> host-pathogen interactions.

Hall DH et al. (1994) Worm Breeder's Gazette "Cytology of Degenerin-Induced Cell Death in the PVM Neuron"

Driscoll MA, Chalfie M, Gu GQ, Hall DH, Gong L

[Worm Breeder's Gazette, 1994]

Cytology of degenerin-induced cell death in the PVM neuron David H. Hall, Guoqiang Gu+, Lei Gong#, Monica Driscoll#, and Martin Chalfie+, * Dept. Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461 + Dept. Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. 10027 # Dept. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J. 08855

Bhattacharya S et al. (2013) J Agric Food Chem "Bioactive components from flowers of Sambucus nigra L. increase glucose uptake in primary porcine myotube cultures and reduce fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Oksbjerg N, Bhattacharya S, Christensen LP, Young JF, Christensen KB, Kristiansen K, Faergeman NJ, Grevsen K, Olsen LC

[J Agric Food Chem, 2013]

Obesity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles are major features of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined the potential of Sambucus nigra flower (elderflowers) extracts to stimulate glucose uptake (GU) in primary porcine myotubes and reduce fat accumulation (FAc) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioassay guided chromatographic fractionations of extracts and fractions resulted in the identification of naringenin and 5-O- caffeoylquinic acid exhibiting a significant increase in GU. In addition, phenolic compounds related to those found in elderflowers were also tested, and among these, kaempferol, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid increased GU significantly. FAc was significantly reduced in C. elegans, when treated with elderflower extracts, their fractions and the metabolites naringenin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-5-acetylglycoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and the related phenolic compounds kaempferol and ferulic acid. The study indicates that elderflower extracts contain bioactive compounds capable of modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, suitable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Fourie R et al. (2021) Front Cell Infect Microbiol "Candida albicans SET3 Plays a Role in Early Biofilm Formation, Interaction With Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans."

Sebolai O, Fourie R, Albertyn J, Pohl CH, Gcilitshana O

[Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2021]

The yeast <i>Candida albicans</i> exhibits multiple morphologies dependent on environmental cues. <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms are frequently polymicrobial, enabling interspecies interaction through proximity and contact. The interaction between <i>C. albicans</i> and the bacterium, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, is antagonistic <i>in vitro, with P. aeruginosa</i> repressing the yeast-to-hyphal switch in <i>C. albicans</i>. Previous transcriptional analysis of <i>C. albicans</i> in polymicrobial biofilms with <i>P. aeruginosa</i> revealed upregulation of genes involved in regulation of morphology and biofilm formation, including <i>SET3</i>, a component of the Set3/Hos2 histone deacetylase complex (Set3C). This prompted the question regarding the involvement of <i>SET3</i> in the interaction between <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo.</i> We found that <i>SET3</i> may influence early biofilm formation by <i>C. albicans</i> and the interaction between <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In addition, although deletion of <i>SET3</i> did not alter the morphology of <i>C. albicans</i> in the presence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, it did cause a reduction in virulence in a <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> infection model, even in the presence of <i>P. aeruginosa.</i>

Zhu Q et al. (2020) Oxid Med Cell Longev "A Dihydroflavonoid Naringin Extends the Lifespan of C. elegans and Delays the Progression of Aging-Related Diseases in PD/AD Models via DAF-16."

Zhou XG, Qu Y, Luo HR, Zhu Q, Wu GS, Chen JN

[Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020]

Naringin is a dihydroflavonoid, which is rich in several plant species used for herbal medicine. It has a wide range of biological activities, including antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antiphotoaging, and antioxidative activities. So it would be interesting to know if naringin has an effect on aging and aging-related diseases. We examined the effect of naringin on the aging of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>). Our results showed that naringin could extend the lifespan of <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i>. Moreover, naringin could also increase the thermal and oxidative stress tolerance, reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin, and delay the progress of aging-related diseases in <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> models of AD and PD. Naringin could not significantly extend the lifespan of long-lived mutants from genes in insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and nutrient-sensing pathways, such as <i>daf</i>-<i>2</i>, <i>akt</i>-<i>2</i>, <i>akt</i>-<i>1</i>, <i>eat</i>-<i>2</i>, <i>sir</i>-<i>2</i>.<i>1</i>, and <i>rsks</i>-<i>1</i>. Naringin treatment prolonged the lifespan of long-lived <i>glp</i>-<i>1</i> mutants, which have decreased reproductive stem cells. Naringin could not extend the lifespan of a null mutant of the fox-head transcription factor DAF-16. Moreover, naringin could increase the mRNA expression of genes regulated by <i>daf</i>-<i>16</i> and itself. In conclusion, we show that a natural product naringin could extend the lifespan of <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> and delay the progression of aging-related diseases in <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> models via DAF-16.

Coomansingh-Springer C et al. (2019) Heliyon "Internal parasitic burdens in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies."

Sharma RN, Armstrong E, Vishakha V, Acuna AM, Coomansingh-Springer C

[Heliyon, 2019]

This study identified the endoparasites in Brown rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus)</i> during May to July 2017 in Grenada, West Indies. A total of 162 rats, 76 females and 86 males were trapped from St. George and St. David parishes in Grenada. The collected fecal samples were examined for parasitic eggs and/or oocysts using simple fecal flotation technique. Adult parasites found in the intestinal tract were examined for identification. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among rats was 79 %. Ten helminth species were recovered, several of which were reported for the first time in rodents in Grenada. The internal parasites consist of seven nematodes (<i>Angiostrongylus</i> spp., <i>Nippostrongylus braziliensis</i>, <i>Heterakis spumosa</i>, <i>Strongyloides ratti</i>, <i>Aspiculuris tetraptera</i>, <i>Syphacia</i> spp. and <i>Protospirura</i> spp.), one cestode (<i>Hymenolepsis diminuta</i>), one acanthocephalan (<i>Moniliformis moniliformis</i>) and one protozoa species (<i>Eimeria</i> spp.). The most prevalent zoonotic species were <i>Angiostrongylus</i> spp. (35.2%), <i>Hymenolepsis diminuta</i> (7.4%) and <i>Moniliformis moniliformis</i> (3.1%). Several nonzoonotic endoparasites; which included <i>Nippostrongylus braziliensis</i> (50.6%), <i>Heterakis spumosa</i> (15.4%), <i>Strongyloides ratti</i> (43.2%), <i>Aspiculuris tetraptera</i> (2.5%), <i>Syphacia</i> spp<i>.</i> (1.9%), <i>Protospirura</i> spp. (1.2%) and <i>Eimeria</i> spp. (4.7%) were also identified. The most prevalent parasites were <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i> (50.6%), <i>Strongyloides ratti</i> (43.2%) and <i>Angiostrongylus spp.</i> (35.2%). Co-infections occurred with up to six species per rat showing different combinations of parasitic infections.

Wu CJ et al. (2019) Appl Environ Microbiol "Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Aeromonas Isolates from Fish and Patients in Tainan City."

Shu CY, Li CW, Ko WC, Su YC, Chen YW, Lee NY, Su SL, Wu CJ, Chen PL, Li MC, Lin YT

[Appl Environ Microbiol, 2019]

The present study aimed to isolate <i>Aeromonas</i> from fish sold in the markets as well as in sushi and seafood shops and compare their virulence factors and antimicrobial characteristics with those of clinical isolates. Among the 128 fish isolates and 47 clinical isolates, <i>A. caviae</i>, <i>A. dhakensis</i>, and <i>A. veronii</i> were the principal species. <i>A. dhakensis</i> isolates carried at least 5 virulence genes, more than other <i>Aeromonas</i> species. The predominant genotype of virulence genes was <i>hlyA/lip/alt/col/el</i> in both <i>A. dhakensis</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i> isolates, <i>alt/col/ela</i> in <i>A. caviae</i> isolates, and <i>act</i> in <i>A. veronii</i> isolates. <i>A. dhakensis</i>, <i>A. hydrophila</i>, and <i>A. veronii</i> isolates more often exhibited hemolytic and proteolytic activity and showed greater virulence than <i>A. caviae</i> in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and the C2C12 cell line. However, the link between the genotypes and phenotypes of the studied virulence genes in <i>Aeromonas</i> species is not evident. Among the four major clinical <i>Aeromonas</i> species, nearly all (99.0%) <i>A. dhakensis</i>, <i>A. hydrophila</i>, and <i>A. veronii</i> isolates harbored <i>bla</i>_CphA, which encodes a carbapenemase, but only a minority (6.7%, 7/104) were nonsusceptible to carbapenem. Regarding AmpC -lactamase genes, <i>bla</i>_AQU-1 was exclusively found in <i>A. dhakensis</i> isolates and <i>bla</i>_MOX3 only in <i>A. caviae</i> isolates, but only 7.6% (6) of the 79 <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates carrying <i>bla</i>_AQU-1 or <i>bla</i>_MOX3 exhibited a cefotaxime resistance phenotype. In conclusion, fish <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates carry a variety of combinations of virulence and B-lactamase resistance genes and exhibit virulence phenotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles similar to those of clinical isolates.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Aeromonas</i> species can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals upon exposure to virulent pathogens in the environment, but the characteristics of environmental <i>Aeromonas</i> species remain unclear. Our study showed several pathogenic <i>Aeromonas</i> species possessing virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance similar to those of <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates causing clinical diseases were present in fish intended for human consumption in Tainan City.