Chang, Andrew et al. (2021) International Worm Meeting "Imaging neuronal dynamics during recovery from anesthesia in C. elegans"

Wirak, Gregory, Gabel, Christopher, Awal, Mehraj, Chang, Andrew, Connor, Christopher

[International Worm Meeting, 2021]

The innovation of anesthesia with volatile anesthetic agents has made modern surgical practice possible. The anesthetized state is defined by behavioral criteria and is today largely monitored through physiological measurements such as hemodynamics and gas exchange. These measurements are sometimes supplemented by EEG derived metrics, but the relationship between these metrics and the neurophysiological mechanisms of anesthesia is entirely unknown. We have used cellular resolution multi-neuronal functional imaging in C. elegans as a powerful model for bridging the gap between single-neuron activity and whole nervous system dynamics under anesthesia. We previously found that the anesthetic state in C. elegans corresponds to a loss of synchrony in global neural dynamics as opposed to generalized depression of individual neuron activity. Here we extend this work by examining how the nervous system of C. elegans recovers from the anesthetic state of dissynchrony to normal function. Employing a light-sheet diSPIM microscope we can measure the activity of the majority of neurons in the C. elegans head as the animal emerges from anesthesia. We observe that correlation in activity between neuron pairs, which is significantly suppressed in the anesthetized state, recovers to near pre-exposure levels in a non-linear, cyclical manner over several hours. Notably, the time required for this recovery is significantly longer then the time needed to induce the neurological anesthetic state. This finding recapitulates the concept of "neural inertia", a proposed hysteresis in the processes of anesthesia induction and emergence well-characterized in humans by the observation that emergence from anesthesia tends to occur at lower concentrations of drug than are required for induction. Because C. elegans perform gas exchange through diffusion, the differences we observe in time needed for induction and emergence are consistent with the phenomenon characteristic of neural inertia in humans. This finding further demonstrates the utility of C. elegans as a model system for investigating the effects of anesthesia on neuronal function and the physiological basis of those effects.

Fire A et al. (1994) Worm Breeder's Gazette "Vectorology I: New lacZ Vectors (Building a Better Gene Trap)."

Fire A, Xu SQ

[Worm Breeder's Gazette, 1994]

Vectorology I: New lacZ vectors ("building a better gene trap") Andrew Fire and SiQun Xu Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Md 21210

Mehra A et al. (1994) Worm Breeder's Gazette "Direct Interaction Between FEM-3 and a Carboxy-Terminal Fragment of TRA-2A"

Spence AM, Heck L, Kuwabara PE, Mehra A

[Worm Breeder's Gazette, 1994]

Direct Interaction between FEM-3 and a Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Or TRA-2A Arun Mehra, Linda Heck, Patricia Kuwabara*, and Andrew Spence Dept. of Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Canada, and *MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Rd., Cambridge, UK

Chang SY et al. (2017) J Microbiol Biotechnol "Erratum to: Genome Characteristics of Lactobacillus fermentum Strain JDFM216 for Application as Probiotic Bacteria."

Lee HK, Heo J, Chang SY, Jeong DY, Oh S, Jo SH, Kim Y, Park MR, Song MH, Kim JN

[J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017]

This erratum is being published to correct the 1st author's name of above manuscript by Jang et al. that was published in Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2017, 27: 1266-1271). The 1st author name(Sung Yong Jang) should appear as 'Sung Yong Chang'.

Wendy Wong et al. (2006) European Worm Meeting "The Integrative Interaction Map for Caenorhabditis elegans"

Wendy Wong, Andrew Fraser

[European Worm Meeting, 2006]

. Wendy Wong and Andrew Fraser. C. elegans is a popular model system for the systematic analysis. However, relatively little is known for its networks of genetic interactions. We hereby construct an integrative interaction map for C. elegans by integrating diverse functional genomics Datasets. We will also present some of the novel tools in querying the interaction map for answering powerful biological hypotheses.

Opperman CH et al. (1992) Parasitol Today "Nematode acetylcholinesterases--molecular forms and their potential role in nematode behavior."

Chang S-H, Opperman CH

[Parasitol Today, 1992]

Nematode movement is reliant upon the somatic musculature that runs longitudinally along the body wall. Neuromuscular synapses occur in the ventral and dorsal cords and employ the excitatory neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), for modulation of muscle activity. Acetylcholine activity is terminated by hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Here, Charles Opperman and Stella Chang discuss the molecular forms and potential role of this enzyme.

(2021) Development "The people behind the papers - Clement Dubois, Shivam Gupta, Andrew Mugler and Marie-Anne Felix."

[Development, 2021]

Cell migration needs to be precisely regulated during development so that cells stop in the right position. A new paper in Development investigates the robustness of neuroblast migration in the <i>C. elegans</i> larva in the face of both genetic and environmental variation. To hear more about the story, we met the paper's four authors: Clement Dubois and Shivam Gupta, and their respective supervisors Andrew Mugler (currently Assistant Professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh, where his lab recently moved from Purdue University) and Marie-Anne Felix (Principal Investigator at Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and Research Director at CNRS).

Van Voorhies WA (1999) Worm Breeder's Gazette "The effects of transferring on worm fertility"

Van Voorhies WA

[Worm Breeder's Gazette, 1999]

Worm fecundity is commonly assayed in many C. elegans studies. Any measurement of worm fecundity requires proper control of environmental factors that potentially affect worm fertility. In a recent article in the WBG (Twistering: A new approach to fecundity assays), Andrew Stewart mentioned that the developmental stage at which a worm is transferred significantly affected worm fecundity. Stewart reported that progeny counts recorded from worms transferred to plates as L3 worms were significantly less than progeny counts recorded from worms transferred to plates when either eggs or L2 worms. This implies that transferring older larval worms can damage the worm enough to reduce its fertility.

Chang Y et al. (2022) STAR Protoc "Non-invasive chimeric HaloTag labeling to study clustering and diffusion of membrane proteins."

Chang Y, Dickinson DJ

[STAR Protoc, 2022]

As live imaging plays an increasingly critical role in cell biology research, the desire to label and track individual protein molecules in&#xa0;vivo has been growing. To address this, in this protocol we describe steps for sparse labeling using two different HaloTag ligand dyes in C.&#xa0;elegans. This labeling approach is simple, is non-invasive, and preserves the view of the bulk protein population. We further describe how to carry out single-particle tracking experiments and extract information about particle diffusion behavior. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chang and Dickinson (2022).¹.

Yang XL et al. (1998) Science "Essential role of CED-4 oligomerization in CED-3 activation and apoptosis."

Chang HY, Yang XL, Baltimore D

[Science, 1998]

Control of the activation of apoptosis is important both in development and in protection against cancer. In the classic genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, the pro-apoptotic protein CED-4 activates the CED-3 caspase and is inhibited by the Bcl-2-like protein CED-9. Both processes are mediated by protein-protein interaction. Facilitating the proximity of CED-3 zymogen molecules was found to induce caspase activation and cell death. CED-4 protein oligomerized in cells and in vitro. This oligomerization induced CED-3 proximity and competed with CED-4:CED-9 interaction. Mutations that abolished CED-4 oligomerization inactivated its ability to activate CED-3. Thus, the mechanism of control is that CED-3 in CED-3:CED-4 complexes is activated by CED-4 oligomerization, which is inhibited by binding of CED-9 to CED-4.AD - Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.FAU - Yang, XAU - Yang XFAU - Chang, H YAU - Chang HYFAU - Baltimore, DAU - Baltimore DLA - engID - CA51462/CA/NCIPT - Journal ArticleCY - UNITED STATESTA - ScienceJID - 0404511RN - 0 (Biopolymers)RN - 0 (Calcium-Binding Proteins)RN - 0 (Ced-4 protein)RN - 0 (Ced-9 protein)RN - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors)RN - 0 (Enzyme Precursors)RN - 0 (Helminth Proteins)RN - 0 (Oligopeptides)RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2)RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)RN - 0 (bcl-x protein)RN - 109581-93-3 (Tacrolimus)RN - EC 3.4.22 (Cysteine Endopeptidases)RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Ced-3 protein)SB - IM