Brugia adult

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[:life-stage/id "WBls:0000083"] :life-stage/definition The life-stage that begins when a B. malayi individual is fully-developed and has reached maturity. Adult B. malayi (or at least adult females) can live for 10 years in a human host, and can outlive their rodent laboratory hosts\; it is usual to state the chronological age of the nematodes in days or months post-infection, and occasionally post-patency (the production of first microfilariae).

Strongyloides infective L3

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[:life-stage/id "WBls:0000680"] :life-stage/definition Strongyloides infective stage L3 larval stage. This stage can develop as a part of a free-living life-cycle, or from a parasitic, parthenogenic female stage.

cercarium

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[:life-stage/id "WBls:0000708"] :life-stage/definition An infectious life-cycle stage, which can infect by direct skin penetration (e.g. Schistosoma sp.) or ingestion (e.g. Fasciola sp.). Cercariae develop in and emerge from the intermediate invertebrate (snail) host. In Schistosoma sp., the cercarium attaches to the skin of the definitive host and secretes proteolytic enzymes helping it to enter into cutaneous capillary vessel\; upon the penetration the cercarium sheds its tail and transforms into a schistosomulum. In Fasciola sp., cercariae encyst on vegetation as dormant metacercariae until ingestion by the definitive host.

protoscolex stage

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[:life-stage/id "WBls:0000715"] :life-stage/definition An infective larval stage of cestodes which develops from the hydatid cyst. The stage begins when a clustering of cells emerge from the germinal layer of hydatid cysts. The buds elongate and the cells at their bases seem to diminish in number. Very early on a furrow appears in the elongated buds, delimiting anterior (scolex) and caudal (body) regions. Hooks are the first fully-differentiated structures formed at the apical region of the nascent scolex. A cone can later be seen at the center of the hooks, the body is expanded and a structured neck is evident between the scolex and the body. During protoscolex development this parasitic form remains attached to the germinative layer through a stalk. When fully differentiated, the stalk is cut off and the infective protoscolex is now free in the hydatid fluid. This stage ends when the protoscolex attaches, via the scolex, to the host intestinal tissue and begins to develop into a adult.