"several innate immune genes (
clec-46,
clec-71,
clec-174,
col-41,
col-54,
dct-5,
dod-22,
fmo-2,
pqn-5, B0024.4, and C23G10.1) that are known to respond to V. cholerae infection [36], were analyzed by qRT-PCR under the non-infectious condition, i.e. without V. cholerae exposure (worms were fed with E. coli OP50, the standard laboratory food). Under the non-infectious condition, five tested immune genes (clec 46,
clec-71,
fmo-2,
pqn-5, and C23G10.1) were consistently induced by 2- to 10-fold in the presence of WCESP (P<0.05) (Fig. 3), while the other genes were not changed significantly."