Mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase; aminoacylates both the canonical threonine tRNA tT(UGU)Q1 and the unusual threonine tRNA tT(UAG)Q2 in vitro; lacks a typical editing domain, but has pre-transfer editing activity stimulated by the unusual tRNA-Thr
NCB5OR is a flavohemoprotein that contains functional domains found in both cytochrome b5 (CYB5A; MIM 613218) and CYB5 reductase (CYB5R3; MIM 613213) (Zhu et al., 1999 [PubMed 10611283]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010]
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice die before E6.5-7.5. Heterozygous mice model Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim syndrome, with growth retardation, cognitive impairment, skeletal abnormalities, kidney agenesis, hematopoietic abnormalities including leukopenia and immunoglobulin deficiency and impaired erythropoiesis. [provided by MGI curators]
WDR61 is a subunit of the human PAF and SKI complexes, which function in transcriptional regulation and are involved in events downstream of RNA synthesis, such as RNA surveillance (Zhu et al., 2005 [PubMed 16024656]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
The Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which includes the Ras (see MIM 190020), Ral (see MIM 179550), Rho (see MIM 165390), Rap (see MIM 179520), and Rab (see MIM 179508) families, is involved in controlling a diverse set of essential cellular functions. The Rab family, including RAB11B, appears to play a critical role in regulating exocytotic and endocytotic pathways (summary by Zhu et al., 1994 [PubMed 7811277]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]
This gene is a polymorphic pseudogene which, in some humans, encodes the interferon (IFN) lambda 4 protein. Humans are polymorphic for the dinucleotide TT/deltaG allele. Compared to the ancestral state in non-human primates, the TT allele produces a frameshift in the coding region of this gene which is predicted to induce nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This allele, and an allele in the first intron of this gene, have experienced a rapid increase in frequency and show indications of positive selection. The ancestral states of these alleles are associated with an impaired ability to clear hepatitis C virus. This gene, like other type III interferons (IFNs), interacts with the IFN lambda receptor complex (IFNLR) whose signaling is generally restricted to epithelial cells. This gene resides in a cluster of four type III IFN genes and at least two pseudogenes on chromosome 19q13.2. In general, interferons are produced in response to viral infection and block viral replication and propagation to uninfected cells by activating the JAK-STAT pathway and up-regulating antiviral genes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene but their biological validity and protein coding status is still being ascertained. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]