cn

Drosophila melanogaster

cinnabar (cn) encodes the enzyme that synthesizes 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) as part of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. 3-HK is an intermediate product in the formation of ommochromes, the brown pigments in the fly eye, and thus cn loss of function mutant flies exhibit altered eye color. Several kynurenine pathway metabolites are neuroactive and have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Hk

Drosophila melanogaster

Hyperkinetic (Hk) encodes a beta-subunit of Sh K[+] channels and modulates its channel function. It is important in regulating action potentials in neurons and muscles, and transmitter release.

park

Drosophila melanogaster

parkin (park) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a key role in protein ubiquitination. It is involved in mitochondrion organization, oxidative stress and locomotion.

porin

Drosophila melanogaster

porin (porin) encodes a beta-barrel channel protein localized in the outer membrane of mitochondria that conducts translocation of various ions and metabolites between cytoplasm and mitochondria. It plays roles in mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy, and is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligases encoded by park and Mul1.

clu

Drosophila melanogaster

clueless (clu) encodes a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein that is required for mitochondrial function. It functions in part with protein complexes at the outer mitochondrial membrane, such as the ribosome, the translocase complex TOM and the mitophagy proteins encoded by park and Pink1. Loss of clu causes mitochondrial oxidative damage, decreased ATP and lethality.