Expr13452

LIN-12::GFP is expressed in the presumptive G2 and W but not in the presumptive duct or pore at ventral enclosure.

Expr13980

In males, DDO-3::mCherry was localized in the excretory pore cell, head tip cells, hypodermal cells, seminal vesicle cells, tail cells, and spicule cells. By contrast, DDO-3::mCherry was also localized in the tail fan from the adult stage, suggesting that DDO-3 is secreted in a SP-dependent manner from the cells where it is produced and transferred to the tail fan. Interestingly, DDO-3::mCherry was localized in vesicle-like structures in the seminal vesicle, where spermatids are stored until ejaculation. Because the seminal vesicle is composed of 20 secretory cells, we presumed that DDO-3 was secreted from the seminal vesicle into the seminal fluid and transferred to the hermaphrodite during mating. To test this possibility, we examined the uteri of hermaphrodites just after mating with transgenic males carrying the ddo-3::mCherry reporter gene. DDO-3::mCherry was dispersed throughout the uterus, suggesting that DDO-3 is a seminal fluid protein. Taken together, these results are consistent with the idea that DDO-3 is secreted from the seminal vesicle into the seminal fluid in a SP-dependent manner, and then transferred to the hermaphrodite uterus through mating. This fusion protein was also present in coelomocytes of males. During larval stages L1 and L2, localization of DDO-3::mCherry outside coelomocytes was limited to the excretory pore cell, implying that DDO-3 expressed in excretory pore cells is secreted into the body fluid. Indeed, at least in the adult stage, DDO-3::mCherry in excretory pore cells was localized to vesicle-like structures.

Expr587

In early embryonic stages (28-350 cells), cells react with LIN_26 antibodies are ectoblasts. LIN-26 protein continuously present throughout embryonic, larval and adult life in all hypodermal cells, and in all of the glial-like socket and sheath cells associated with ciliated sensory organs. LIN-26 protein was also present in blast cells G1, Q and W. Expression in all three of these cells cease as they divided. Strong expression in Z1 and Z4 in young L1 larvae, weak expression in all cells in L2 larvae except the distal tip cells, and in the uterine cells of L4 larvae and adults.

Expr970

In comma to 1.5-fold stage embryos, the nhr-25::GFP are expressed in the V cells, P cells and hyp7. Expression also observed in the head and tail hypodermal cells of embryos. The earliest expression is at ~250-300 min post fertilization. atEx32 and atEx35 L1 animals exhibited consistent reporter expression in the hyp7 and P cell nuclei. The P cell expression was very strong at hatching. GFP expression in the P cell and hyp7 decreased during mid-L1, but frequently increased late L1. At hatching no expression in observed in the V cells. In mid L1 the V cells divided and the anterior daughters begin to express GFP as they join the syncytium. Strong expression is also seen in the head and tail hypodermal nuclei of L1 larva. Expression in the hypodermal nuclei of older larva stages is similar to that in the L1. GFP expression decreases markedly in adults. GFP is also observed in other ectodermal cells. In L1, expression is observed in the G2(excretory pore) cell and in a cell tentatively identified as the W neuroblast. In older larva, expression continues in G2 but disappears in the W lineage once the cells divides to generate neurons. Beginning in L2, GFP is expressed in the region around the rectum. Expression is also occasionally observed in the anterior pharynx, in the nuclei with positions consistent with those of the pharyngeal epithelial cells.

Expr1837

Expression of eff-1p::gfp was silent through the first third of embryogenesis, first appearing about 230 min after first cleavage in a subset of epidermal precursor cells. Over the next 3 hr, these and additional fluorescent cells were observed to migrate over the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the embryo, and the majority of GFP-positive cells fused to form the hyp6 and hyp7 syncytia. As elongation progressed, GFP was also expressed in a pair of cells that fused to form the binucleate "tail spike" . After hatching, eff-1p::gfp expression persisted in large epidermal syncytia through adulthood. Mononucleated epidermal cells-including the seam cells and the VPCs-remained nonfluorescent until shortly before undergoing larval fusion events. More specifically, GFP was seen in (1) nonstem daughters of the seam cells shortly before they fused into hyp7; (2) vulval cells invaginating to form toroids during morphogenesis; and (3) the rays and fan of the adult male tail. Expression was also seen in nonepidermal organs known to contain syncytia, including the pharynx and uterus. Interestingly, a few cells that express eff-1p::gfp have never been observed to fuse, such as some ventral epidermal precursors in the embryo and several neurons.

Expr2937

Both ahr-1:GFP reporters are expressed during embryonic and larval development. Expression is first detected in two cells 260 min after the first cleavage. By midembryogenesis (pre-comma stage), 14 cells express the pJ360 ahr-1:GFP fusion gene. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, two cells express ahr-1:GFP in the tail, and the remaining fluorescing cells are in the forming head. During the first larval stage. ahr-1:GFP is expressed in 28 neurons, several blast cells, and two phasmid socket cells. The neurons that express ahr-1:GFP include ALNR/ALNL, AQR/PQR, AVM/PVM, BDUR/BDUL, PLMR/PLML, PLNR/PLNL, PHCL/PHCR, PVWL/PVWR, RMEL/RMER, SDQR/SDQL, and URXR/URXL. The T.pa, T.ppa, and T.ppp blast cells in the tail express ahr-1:GFP, as do all of their descendents, including the PHso1 and PHso2 phasmid socket cells. ahr-1:GFP is also expressed in the MI and I3 neurons in the pharynx and the G2 and W blast cells. Four additional cells in the head express ahr-1:GFP, tentatively identified as the ASK and RIP neurons.

Expr631

LacZ staining is first detected in both Z1.pp and Z4.aa and is seen in Z1.ppp, Z4.aaa, Z1.ppa and Z4.aap. All four cells continue to express until the middle of the L2 stage during AC/VU decision and then expression is restricted to either Z1.ppp or Z4.aaa, with expression observed in presumptive VU (Z1.ppa and Z4.aap) but not in presumptive AC. This is consistent with GFP fluorescence observed. lin-12::lacZ staining disappears in the VUs; staining reappears in their daughters just after division. The level of lin-12::lacZ expression from early L2 until the Vulva Precursor Cells (VPCs) divide in the L3 is uniform in all 6 VPCs. lin-12::lacZ reporter is also expressed in all twelve of the granddaughters of the VUs. There appears to be a time during the early L3 stage when the VUs no longer express the lin-12::lacZ reporter gene. During L3, beta-gal activity is detected in two sheath cells in each gonad arm: sheath cells No. 1 (Z1.paaa, Z1.apa, Z4.pap, and Z4.appp). During early L4 stage, eight more sheath cells express the transgene: sheath cells No. 2 (Z1.paapaaa, Z1.appaaa, Z4.paappp, and Z4.appappp) and sheath cells No. 3 (Z1.paapaap, Z1.appaap, Z4.paappa, and Z4.appappa). Staining is almost always observed in sheath cells No. 1 in the L3 and L4 stages as well as in the young adult. Only a subset of animals consistently express the reporter gene in sheath cells No. 2. Staining in sheath cells No. 3 are never detected once the nuclei have migrated for out along the arm. Staining is observed in 12 sheath cells during the late L3/early L4 stages soon after they are born. As the cells move out the gonad arm, staining is only detected in one member of pair No. 1 and one member of pair No. 2 in each arm. Staining is detected during L4 in up to eight spermathecal cells [Z1.papaa(a/p) (d/v), Z4.apaaa(a/p)(d/v), Z1.pappp(a/p)(d/v) and Z4.apapp(a/p)(d/v)] in each arm. The progenitors of these cells [Z1.papaa(a/p), Z4.apaaa(a/p), Z1.pappp(a/p) and Z4.apapp(a/p)] also express the reporter gene. During the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12::lacZ is expressed in all six VPCs. LacZ staining is detected in all 12 daughters of the VPCs (Pn.px stage), and is then restricted to P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. High level of GFP expression is seen in the daughters of P5.p and P7.p but not in the daughters of p6.p. Variable level of GFP is detected in the daughters of P3,p, P4.p and P8.p. In the VPC granddaughters GFP is detected in P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. Weak staining is detected in two of the granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the L cells, but is undetected in their progeny. Expression is always detected in the other two granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the N and T cells. There is no staining in the T descendants of P6.p cells. The N cells do not divide and staining is detected in both N cells throughout vulval morphogenesis in the L4 stage and in young adults. Staining can be detected in the T daughters in the L4 stage and in young adults. The parents of the SM/bm precursor cells; M.vlp and M.vrp and their dorsal equivalents, M.dlp and M.drp all express lin-12 reporter gene. After division of the parent cells, the SM/bm precursor cells and their dorsal equivalents also express the reporter gene as do the sisters of these cells. Expression is detected in both the SM and bm cells on the left and right sides of the animal. Staining persists in these cells on the ventral side even after it is no longer detectable in the cells of the dorsal side. [M.vrpa, M.vlpa, M.vrpp, M.vlpp, M.drpa, M.dla, M.drpp and M.dlpp]. Expression is detected in a discrete subset of cells during embryogenesis. Staining was only observed in pairs or groups of cells from the 28-cell stage to about the 400-cell stage. Two of the cells that express the gene in the >300-cell embryo may be the intestinal valve cells. Expression is seen in a discrete subset of cells in the ventral nerve cord of L1 larvae. There are three small nuclei that stain in the head region that may be G2, W, the excretory duct cell, G1 or the neuroblast that is the equipotent equivalent of the excretory cell. Staining was observed in the excretory cell.