Expr4662

cki-1 expression, detected by a cki-1 promoter::GFP fusion gene, was much higher in the Z1.aa/Z4.pp cells than in the Z1.ap/Z4.pa cells.

Expr630

egl-17 expression is observed in several cells of the B lineage and the Y.p progeny Y.p(l/r)aa during L3 lethargus. The cells from B lineage appear to be in two of the socket cells, one on each side (likely _(l/r)d), B.paa and B.pppa). At the end of L4 lethargus, expression is observed in a cluster of socket cells per spicule. Shortly after male reaches adulthood, expression is maintained only in B.paa cells.

Expr4661

CYE-1::GFP was expressed in the Z1.a/Z4.p cells before their division. Within 2 hrs after their division, the GFP signal decreased in the Z1.aa/Z4.pp but not in the Z1.ap/Z4.pa cells. Therefore, CYE-1 is expressed asymmetrically between the daughters of the Z1.a/Z4.p cells. Similar asymmetric expression was also detected using a cye-1 promoter::GFP fusion gene (cye-1p::gfp), which lacks the cye-1 coding sequence, indicating that the asymmetry is regulated at the transcriptional level.

Expr16549

Our transcriptional reporter lines revealed that Cel-nhr-1 is broadly expressed in multiple somatic tissues at varying intensities. We found high expression levels in the entire hypodermis and body wall musculature from head to tail, as well as in the majority of the worm's pharyngeal muscles. The latter includes pm3-5, the cells which make up most of the muscular portions of the procorpus, metacorpus, and isthmus. Relatively lower expression levels were found in the stomatal tissues (aa, ap, e1, e3, pm1, and pm2), the terminal bulb of the pharynx (pm6-8), the intestine, and some ventral aspects of the somatic gonad.

Expr691

First detected in late embryonic stage and continues to be detected through to adulthood. Intensity is higher in animals undergoing ecdysis. Subcellular accumulation generally enriched in nuclei relative to cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic signal is enhanced in lateral seam cells during the molt periods. There is a period of cytokinesis where LIN-42::GFP is not observed. L3 molt: Higher intensity in seam cells, but most intense in V1.pppp. Cells that stain at this stage: H1.aa, V4.papp, H1.app, V5.pppp, H2.ppp V6.papp, V2.papp V6.pppp, V2.pppp, V3.papp, V3.pppp, V4.pppp. L4 molt higher intensity of staining observed in the cytoplasm of seam cell. LIN-42::GFP is present in lateral hypodermis, hyp7 synctium which includes main body hypodermis and head and tail hypodermal cells.

Expr1410

Expression in Z1 and Z4, the somatic gonad precursors, starts a few hours after these are born. Up to the formation of the somatic gonad primordium in late L2, LIN-26 protein was detected in all cells of the somatic gonad, except in the distal tip cells or dtcs (Z1.aa and Z4.pp). Staining was strongest in Z1 and Z4 and became weaker after each cell division. However, after Z1.a and Z4.p divided, LIN-26 was initially not detected in any of their daughters, but resynthesis occurred in Z1.ap and Z4.pa. During the L3 stage, expression was only detected in the anchor cell (AC) until the Pn.pxx cells were generated. After the last division round in L4 larvae, all uterine nuclei and two spermathecal-uterine junction nuclei expressed LIN-26 at very low levels.

Expr608

First detected at comma stage in pharyngeal primordium as pharyngeal muscles begin terminal differentiation. Strong expression is detected in most cells during late embryogenesis when cells are either differentiating or undergoing cell cycle arrest prior to hatching. At hatching and in L1 animals maintained in absence of food expression detected in Q, M, Z1, Z4 and V cells. Expression in these cells fades after feeding when cell division resumes. Strong expression is observed in many postmitotic neurons and muscle cells. Stronger expression is detected in newly differentiated cells and then gradually decreases. cki-1 also expressed in dauer larvae. 1. Lateral hyodermal V lineage: V cells show strong expression until they divide in the mid L1 (fluorescence decreases significantly). Seam cells express at quite high levels during resting phases between molts and at a reduced level during division. Expression increases at L4 (coincident with seam cell terminal differentiation). 2. sex myoblasts (SM)lineage: High level of expression observed during SM migration, reduced during SM division and high again as the sex muscles differentiate. 3. P lineage: L1-molt progeny of Pn.a neuroblasts express high levels of cki-1::gfp. 4. Somatic gonad: Expression in Z1 and Z4 diminishes prior to cell division in mid-L1. Strong expression in Z1.aa and Z4.pp, the distal tip cells, beginning in L2, undetectable in the rest of Z1/Z4 lineage until the late L3 and early L4. Expression in somatic gonad increases dramatically at the onset of terminal differentiation. 5. Intestine: After L1-molt expression in intestine is seen throughout the larval stages 6. Vulva precursor cells: cki-1::gfp expression first detected in vulva precursor cells (VPCs) in late L1 or early L2 and peaks at L2 molt.

Expr631

LacZ staining is first detected in both Z1.pp and Z4.aa and is seen in Z1.ppp, Z4.aaa, Z1.ppa and Z4.aap. All four cells continue to express until the middle of the L2 stage during AC/VU decision and then expression is restricted to either Z1.ppp or Z4.aaa, with expression observed in presumptive VU (Z1.ppa and Z4.aap) but not in presumptive AC. This is consistent with GFP fluorescence observed. lin-12::lacZ staining disappears in the VUs; staining reappears in their daughters just after division. The level of lin-12::lacZ expression from early L2 until the Vulva Precursor Cells (VPCs) divide in the L3 is uniform in all 6 VPCs. lin-12::lacZ reporter is also expressed in all twelve of the granddaughters of the VUs. There appears to be a time during the early L3 stage when the VUs no longer express the lin-12::lacZ reporter gene. During L3, beta-gal activity is detected in two sheath cells in each gonad arm: sheath cells No. 1 (Z1.paaa, Z1.apa, Z4.pap, and Z4.appp). During early L4 stage, eight more sheath cells express the transgene: sheath cells No. 2 (Z1.paapaaa, Z1.appaaa, Z4.paappp, and Z4.appappp) and sheath cells No. 3 (Z1.paapaap, Z1.appaap, Z4.paappa, and Z4.appappa). Staining is almost always observed in sheath cells No. 1 in the L3 and L4 stages as well as in the young adult. Only a subset of animals consistently express the reporter gene in sheath cells No. 2. Staining in sheath cells No. 3 are never detected once the nuclei have migrated for out along the arm. Staining is observed in 12 sheath cells during the late L3/early L4 stages soon after they are born. As the cells move out the gonad arm, staining is only detected in one member of pair No. 1 and one member of pair No. 2 in each arm. Staining is detected during L4 in up to eight spermathecal cells [Z1.papaa(a/p) (d/v), Z4.apaaa(a/p)(d/v), Z1.pappp(a/p)(d/v) and Z4.apapp(a/p)(d/v)] in each arm. The progenitors of these cells [Z1.papaa(a/p), Z4.apaaa(a/p), Z1.pappp(a/p) and Z4.apapp(a/p)] also express the reporter gene. During the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12::lacZ is expressed in all six VPCs. LacZ staining is detected in all 12 daughters of the VPCs (Pn.px stage), and is then restricted to P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. High level of GFP expression is seen in the daughters of P5.p and P7.p but not in the daughters of p6.p. Variable level of GFP is detected in the daughters of P3,p, P4.p and P8.p. In the VPC granddaughters GFP is detected in P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. Weak staining is detected in two of the granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the L cells, but is undetected in their progeny. Expression is always detected in the other two granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the N and T cells. There is no staining in the T descendants of P6.p cells. The N cells do not divide and staining is detected in both N cells throughout vulval morphogenesis in the L4 stage and in young adults. Staining can be detected in the T daughters in the L4 stage and in young adults. The parents of the SM/bm precursor cells; M.vlp and M.vrp and their dorsal equivalents, M.dlp and M.drp all express lin-12 reporter gene. After division of the parent cells, the SM/bm precursor cells and their dorsal equivalents also express the reporter gene as do the sisters of these cells. Expression is detected in both the SM and bm cells on the left and right sides of the animal. Staining persists in these cells on the ventral side even after it is no longer detectable in the cells of the dorsal side. [M.vrpa, M.vlpa, M.vrpp, M.vlpp, M.drpa, M.dla, M.drpp and M.dlpp]. Expression is detected in a discrete subset of cells during embryogenesis. Staining was only observed in pairs or groups of cells from the 28-cell stage to about the 400-cell stage. Two of the cells that express the gene in the >300-cell embryo may be the intestinal valve cells. Expression is seen in a discrete subset of cells in the ventral nerve cord of L1 larvae. There are three small nuclei that stain in the head region that may be G2, W, the excretory duct cell, G1 or the neuroblast that is the equipotent equivalent of the excretory cell. Staining was observed in the excretory cell.